March 9, 2025

aromatherapy - basic information

Aromatherapy is a field of natural medicine that uses essential oils to improve mental and physical health. Its origins date back to ancient civilizations, where fragrant plant substances were used for medicinal and ritual purposes. Modern aromatherapy is based on scientific research and traditional knowledge of the properties of plants. The purpose of this article is to present the basics of aromatherapy and its applications in various aspects of health and beauty, as well as to discuss selected essential oils from Asia. What is Aromatherapy? Definition of aromatherapy Aromatherapy is a form of complementary therapy that uses natural essential oils to improve well-being and health. These oils are extracted from various parts of plants, such as flowers, leaves, bark and roots, and have a variety of therapeutic properties. Their effects include both the nervous system and the physiology of the body, and their effectiveness has been confirmed by numerous scientific studies. History The first mentions of aromatherapy come from ancient Egypt, where oils were used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. In ancient India and China, oils were an integral part of Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. The Greeks and Romans also used aromatic substances for baths, massages and treatment of diseases. In the Middle Ages, essential oils were widely used in Europe for disinfecting rooms and treating infectious diseases. The development of modern aromatherapy René-Maurice Gattefossé, a French chemist, introduced the term "aromatherapy" in 1937 after discovering the healing properties of lavender oil, which accelerated the healing of his burns. From that moment on, aromatherapy began to develop as a science and found application in natural medicine. Modern aromatherapy combines chemical, biological and pharmacological research, which allows for a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of essential oils. Aromatherapy Basics Essential Oils Essential oils are natural, volatile fragrance substances obtained from various parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, bark, stems, seeds, or roots. They are highly concentrated extracts that contain unique chemical compounds responsible for their characteristic scent and therapeutic properties. Essential oils are widely used in aromatherapy, cosmetics, natural medicine, and the perfume and food industries. Essential oils contain chemical compounds such as terpenes, phenols, and esters that have antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. If you are curious about how essential oils are made, we explain below. There are several methods for extracting essential oils, and the choice of the appropriate technique depends on the type of plant and the desired properties of the final product. The most commonly used methods include: Steam distillation – the most popular method, which involves passing hot steam through plant material. The steam releases the oil, which is then condensed and separated from the water. This technique is used, among others, to obtain lavender, peppermint or eucalyptus oil. Cold pressing – used mainly for citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons and grapefruits. Oils are extracted by mechanically squeezing the peel of the fruit without using high temperatures, which preserves their freshness and aroma intensity. Solvent extraction – used for plants that are difficult to extract oil from traditionally. The plant material is treated with organic solvents (e.g. ethanol) that dissolve the oil and then evaporated, leaving a concentrated extract. This method is often used to extract oils from jasmine or rose. Enfleurage – a historical method used to extract oils from delicate flowers such as jasmine or tuberose. It involves the absorption of fragrances by vegetable or animal fats, which are then separated from the oil. Raw materials in aromatherapy Hydrolates, macerates and carrier oils are key raw materials in aromatherapy and natural care. Each of these products has its own unique properties and applications, and their proper selection allows you to create effective and safe blends for body care and aromatherapy. Hydrolates Hydrolates, also known as floral waters, are by-products of steam distillation of essential oils. They contain small amounts of essential oils and valuable plant compounds soluble in water. As a result, they have a gentle care effect and are safe to use without dilution. Hydrolates have toning, moisturizing and soothing properties, which makes them an excellent ingredient in natural cosmetics. They can be used as: Facial tonics – refresh the skin, restore its natural pH and prepare it for further care. Bases for masks and DIY cosmetics – mixed with e.g. cosmetic clays or aloe gels. Natural body and hair mists – refresh and moisturize the skin and hair. Examples of popular hydrolates include rose hydrolate , which soothes and moisturizes dry and mature skin, lavender hydrolate , ideal for oily and acne-prone skin, and chamomile hydrolate , which has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. Macerates Macerates are vegetable oils in which plant parts (flowers, leaves, roots) are macerated for a longer period of time. This process allows for the extraction of valuable active ingredients, which then enrich the properties of the base oil. Macerates are rich in antioxidants, vitamins and fatty acids, which is why they are used in skin and hair care. Depending on the plant used, they can have different effects: Calendula macerate – has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, ideal for sensitive and irritated skin. St. John's wort macerate – has regenerative and analgesic effects, but remember that it is photosensitizing and should not be used before exposure to the sun. Carrot macerate – rich in beta-carotene, improves skin tone and gives it a healthy glow. Macerates are a great ingredient in massage oils, creams and balms, and can also be used on their own as natural cosmetics for body and hair care. Carrier oils Carrier oils are natural plant oils used to dilute essential oils before applying them to the skin. Because essential oils are so concentrated, using them undiluted can lead to irritation. Carrier oils not only help to soften the effects of essential oils, but also have skincare properties of their own. The most popular carrier oils are: Jojoba oil – a light, easily absorbed oil with a structure similar to the sebum of human skin, thanks to which it perfectly moisturizes and regulates sebum secretion. Coconut oil – rich in fatty acids, has moisturizing, smoothing and antibacterial properties, often used in hair and body care. Almond oil – delicate, suitable for sensitive and children's skin, has a regenerating and nourishing effect. Grape seed oil – light, quickly absorbed and does not clog pores, recommended for oily and combination skin. Carrier oils can be used on their own as skin and hair care cosmetics or as a base for massages, balms and home cosmetics. Application methods in aromatherapy Aromatherapy, as a field that uses volatile plant compounds to improve physical and mental health, offers a variety of ways to apply essential oils. The choice of the appropriate method depends on both individual therapeutic needs and the properties of a specific essential oil. Among the most commonly used techniques are inhalation and massage , which are characterized by different mechanisms of action and effectiveness depending on the application. Inhalation – introducing essential oils into the body through the respiratory system One of the basic ways of using essential oils in aromatherapy is inhalation , which is the process of inhaling volatile active substances. This mechanism allows the molecules of essential oils to quickly penetrate the respiratory system and bloodstream, resulting in their almost immediate action. Inhalation affects both the respiratory system and the nervous system, thanks to which it is used in the treatment of respiratory infections, relieving stress and improving concentration. There are several methods of inhalation: Ultrasonic diffusers – devices that disperse essential oils in the form of microscopic water particles, which enables effective air humidification and gentle inhalation. They are commonly used in relaxation therapy and health prevention. Aroma burners – a classic method of heating essential oils with a candle. The heat releases volatile substances that spread into the air, creating an atmosphere conducive to relaxation and relief. Personal inhalers – portable devices, often in the form of sticks or masks, enabling direct inhalation of concentrated essential oils. They are mainly used to relieve symptoms of colds, allergies and to improve mental well-being. Inhalation is considered one of the safest methods of using essential oils, but it requires following the recommendations regarding concentrations and exposure time to avoid possible side effects, such as irritation of mucous membranes or allergic reactions. Aromatherapy massage - transdermal absorption of active substances Another effective method of applying essential oils is their use in the form of aromatherapy massage . Unlike inhalation, in which oils are introduced into the body through the respiratory tract, massage uses transdermal penetration of active substances through the skin. This allows for not only a local therapeutic effect, but also a systemic effect on the body. Aromatherapy massages are performed using essential oils diluted in base oils such as almond, jojoba or coconut oil. Vegetable fats act as a carrier, facilitating the absorption of oils and preventing skin irritation. Aromatherapy massage therapy has a wide range of effects, including: Reduction of muscle tension – oils with warming and analgesic effects, such as eucalyptus or rosemary oil, support muscle regeneration and relieve pain. Improving blood and lymph circulation – massage with the addition of citrus or ginger oils stimulates the circulatory system, helping to eliminate toxins and improve the condition of the skin. Relaxation and stress reduction effects – lavender, ylang-ylang and bergamot oils affect the nervous system, supporting relaxation and improving the quality of sleep. Due to their versatile properties, aromatherapy massages are used both in relaxation therapies and in the treatment of pain, sleep disorders and dermatological problems. Asian Oils and Their Uses Jasmine oil - relaxation and stress reduction Jasmine oil is obtained from Jasminum officinale flowers and comes mainly from India and Thailand. It is characterized by an intense, floral scent that has been used in perfumery and traditional medicine for centuries. Aromatherapeutic properties: Calming and anti-anxiety effects – studies show that jasmine oil can lower cortisol levels (a stress hormone), helping to reduce tension and anxiety ( Seifritz et al., 2010 ). Antidepressant effect – according to research by Hongratanaworakit (2009), inhalation of jasmine oil increases brain activity and improves mood, which may be helpful in treating depression. Aphrodisiac properties – its exotic scent stimulates the senses and may increase libido. Jasmine essential oil is often used in relaxing massages, aromatherapy baths and as a natural remedy to improve the quality of sleep. Sandalwood Oil - Harmony and Skin Care Sandalwood ( Santalum album ) comes primarily from India and has been used for centuries in meditation rituals and body care. Sandalwood oil has a warm, woody aroma that promotes relaxation and inner peace. Aromatherapeutic properties: Relaxation and meditation effects – sandalwood oil increases the serotonin level in the brain, which promotes relaxation and improved well-being ( Setzer, 2009 ). Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties – it is effective in treating acne and skin irritations, as confirmed by clinical studies on the dermatological applications of sandalwood oil ( Burdock & Carabin, 2008 ). Soothing effect in states of nervous tension – used in aromatherapy, it helps in the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. Its valuable properties make it a popular ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics and massage oils. Rose oil - antioxidant and mood improvement Rose oil comes mainly from Bulgaria, Turkey and some regions of China. It is distilled from the petals of Rosa damascena , and to obtain 1 kg of oil, it takes 4 tons of flowers , making it one of the most expensive oils in the world. Aromatherapeutic properties: Strong antioxidant effect – rose oil contains phenolic compounds that protect the skin against oxidative stress and aging ( Nassiri-Asl & Hosseinzadeh, 2016 ). Antidepressant and mood-enhancing effects – studies confirm that inhalation of rose oil helps reduce symptoms of depression and improves serotonin levels ( Conrad & Adams, 2014 ). Relieves nervous tension – used in aromatherapy, it helps lower blood pressure and reduces the symptoms of stress. Due to its properties, rose oil is often used in perfumery, cosmetology and relaxation therapy. Lemongrass Oil – The Antibacterial Power of Nature Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) is native to Southeast Asia and is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine. Lemongrass oil has a fresh, citrus scent with stimulating and cleansing properties. Aromatherapeutic properties: Strong antibacterial and antifungal effects – numerous studies have shown that this oil effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus aureus ( Shah et al., 2011 ). Refreshing and energizing properties – improves concentration, reduces fatigue and has a stimulating effect. Supports the treatment of respiratory infections – inhalation of lemongrass oil can alleviate the symptoms of colds and flu. It is widely used in aromatherapy, natural cleaning products and cleansing cosmetics. Ginger oil - support for the muscular and digestive systems Ginger essential oil ( Zingiber officinale ) is valued for its analgesic and warming properties. Aromatherapeutic properties: Relieves muscle and joint pain – when applied topically, it helps reduce inflammation and reduces muscle tension. Digestive Support – Ginger oil stimulates the secretion of digestive juices, which can help relieve bloating and indigestion. Ylang-ylang oil – deep relaxation and improved well-being Ylang-ylang essential oil comes from the flowers of Cananga odorata and is commonly used in aromatherapy for its relaxing properties. Aromatherapeutic properties: Calming and antidepressant effects – studies have shown that this oil can lower blood pressure and have a relaxing effect on the nervous system ( Hongratanaworakit, 2011 ). Mood improvement and stress reduction – the intense, floral scent affects the production of serotonin and helps fight anxiety. It is used in relaxing massages, aromatherapy baths and as an ingredient in exotic perfumes. Does Aromatherapy Help with Depression? Aromatherapy can be an effective complement to traditional treatments for depression, although it should not be used as the sole form of therapy. Essential oils used in aromatherapy can help alleviate symptoms of depression, such as stress, anxiety, and sleep disorders, by stimulating the nervous system and influencing mood. Mood Effects : Essential oils like lavender, bergamot, and geranium can improve mood and reduce stress. Their scents stimulate the release of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which are important for regulating mood. Improve Sleep Quality : Aromatherapy can help regulate sleep, which is important in treating depression. Lavender oil, for example, has been shown to have a beneficial effect on sleep quality. Anxiety Reduction : Essential oils like bergamot and lavender can help reduce the anxiety and stress that often accompany depression. Best Essential Oils for Depression Lavender Oil : Soothes nerves, helps reduce stress and anxiety, and improves sleep. Bergamot Oil : Energizes and improves mood, reducing stress and anxiety. Geranium Oil : Helps regulate emotions and improve mood. Peppermint Oil : Stimulates and refreshes, helping to improve concentration and energy. In conclusion, aromatherapy can be a valuable support in the treatment of depression, but it should not replace professional medical help. Can aromatherapy be combined with pharmacology? Aromatherapy can be used in conjunction with pharmacology as a complement to traditional treatments. Essential oils used in aromatherapy can aid in treating a variety of conditions, such as pain, stress, and anxiety, and improve the patient's overall well-being. However, it is important to use aromatherapy under the care of a qualified professional, especially for those taking medications or having chronic illnesses. Benefits of Combining Aromatherapy with Pharmacology Aromatherapy can increase the effectiveness of some medications. For example, essential oils can enhance the effects of antibiotics. In addition, using aromatherapy can help reduce the unwanted side effects of medications, such as stress or insomnia. Aromatherapy can improve the mood and overall well-being of the patient, which is important in the treatment of mental and physical illnesses. Before starting aromatherapy, especially in combination with medications, consult your doctor or pharmacist. Choose high-quality oils and dilute them appropriately to avoid allergic reactions. Aromatherapy can be effectively combined with other treatments, such as psychotherapy or physiotherapy. In summary, aromatherapy can be an effective complement to pharmacology, but requires appropriate knowledge and specialist care. What are the most common side effects of aromatherapy? Despite the numerous health benefits of aromatherapy, improper use of essential oils can lead to a variety of side effects, including skin reactions, neurological disorders, hormonal problems, and organ toxicity . It is crucial to use oils as directed, avoid consuming them without professional supervision, and conduct allergy testing before applying to the skin. Knowledge of potential side effects allows you to use aromatherapy safely and maximize its positive impact on your health. Allergic reactions and skin irritations Symptoms include rash, itching, redness and swelling of the skin. Allergic reactions and skin irritations are the most common side effects associated with topical use of essential oils. According to studies by Rastogi et al. (2001) and Opdyke (1974), some components of essential oils, such as limonene and linalool, may cause contact reactions in people with hypersensitivity. Furthermore, using oils without prior dilution in carrier oils increases the risk of irritation. It is recommended to perform a skin allergy test before first use. Photosensitivity Symptoms include skin irritation, redness and sunburn. Some essential oils contain photosensitizing compounds that can cause adverse skin reactions when exposed to UV light. Bergamot, lemon, and grapefruit oils in particular contain furanocoumarins, which increase skin sensitivity to sunlight (Durling et al., 2007). People using these oils should avoid sun exposure for at least 12 hours after application. Digestive problems Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Consumption of essential oils, although promoted in some natural medicine, can lead to serious gastrointestinal problems. Studies conducted by Tisserand & Young (2014) indicate that rosemary, peppermint and eucalyptus oils can irritate the gastric mucosa and, in larger doses, cause toxicity of the digestive system. Oral use of oils should only be done under the supervision of specialists. Seizures and neurological problems Symptoms include seizures, dizziness and disorientation. Some essential oils contain neurotoxic compounds that can cause neurological reactions, especially in people with a predisposition to epilepsy. Oils such as camphor, eucalyptus, and sage contain monoterpene ketones, which in large doses can be neurotoxic (Baibars et al., 2018). Studies by Gabilondo et al. (2000) have shown that excessive use of thujone-rich oils can lead to a lowered seizure threshold. Hormonal problems Symptoms include menstrual cycle disturbances and excessive stimulation or weakening of hormonal functions. Some essential oils have estrogen-like effects, meaning they can affect the body's hormonal system. Examples include lavender oil and tea tree oil, which, according to Henley et al. (2007), have been shown to disrupt estrogen receptors. The study found that using these oils in prepubescent boys can lead to gynecomastia (enlargement of the mammary glands). As a result, people with hormone-dependent conditions such as breast cancer or endometriosis should avoid excessive use. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity Symptoms include symptoms of liver damage (e.g. jaundice) and symptoms of kidney damage Long-term use of some essential oils can lead to liver and kidney toxicity. Oils containing phenols such as thymol, eugenol, and carvacrol have been shown to be hepatotoxic with long-term use (Brunton et al., 2006). Animal studies have shown that excessive exposure to cinnamon and clove oil can increase markers of liver damage. People with liver and kidney disease should use these oils with caution. To avoid these side effects, it is important to use essential oils as directed, diluting them in a carrier oil and conducting allergy testing before first use. Bibliography: Baibars, M., Joubert, O., & Dupont, C. (2018). Neurotoxic effects of essential oils. Toxicology Letters , 295, 65-72. Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals . Churchill Livingstone. Henley, D. V., Lipson, N., Korach, K. S., & Bloch, C. A. (2007). Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. The New England Journal of Medicine , 356(5), 479-485. Durling, N. E., Catchpole, O. J., Gray, J. B., Webby, R. F., Mitchell, K. A., Foo, L. Y., & Perry, N. B. (2007). Extraction of phenolic compounds from plant material using supercritical CO2. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids , 42(3), 256-264.

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March 8, 2025

polysaccharides in cosmetics

Polysaccharides constitute an important group of active ingredients in cosmetology, characterized by a wide spectrum of biological and physicochemical properties. POLYSACCHARIDES - WHAT ARE THEY? These are polysaccharides composed of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. Due to their structure and ability to bind water, they have significant moisturizing, protective and regenerative effects. Particular attention should be paid to natural polysaccharides, which are mainly obtained from plants, algae, microorganisms and fungi. Their presence in cosmetics not only improves the sensory properties of the preparations, but also shows numerous dermatological benefits. The occurrence of polysaccharides in plants Polysaccharides occur naturally in various groups of plants, including vegetables, fruits, seeds, and algae. Starch, one of the major plant polysaccharides, is stored in potatoes, corn, rice, wheat, and bananas. Cellulose, in turn, is a structural component of plant cell walls and is abundant in cotton, wood, and leafy vegetables such as spinach and cabbage. Other important plant polysaccharides include pectins found in apples and citrus fruits and hemicelluloses found in cereal grains and legumes. TYPES OF PLANT POLYSACCHARIDES Polysaccharides are high-molecular-weight carbohydrates that play a key role in the plant world, serving both a reserve and structural function. Depending on the chemical structure and biological function, different groups of these compounds can be distinguished, such as starch, cellulose, beta-glucans and plant mucilages. They occur in many plant species, which are important both in the human diet and in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. One of the most important polysaccharides in plants is starch, which acts as a reserve material. It is found primarily in cereal grains such as wheat, corn, rice, oats and barley, which are the basis of nutrition for people around the world. The tubers and roots of some plants are also rich in starch, including potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava (from which tapioca is obtained) and Jerusalem artichoke. In addition, legumes, such as beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas, also contain significant amounts of starch, and additionally provide plant protein. Another important polysaccharide is cellulose, which has a structural function and is the main component of plant cell walls. It is thanks to it that plants maintain their stiffness and resistance to external factors. Cellulose is found in large quantities in leafy vegetables such as cabbage, lettuce, spinach and kale, as well as in fruits and vegetables rich in fiber, including apples (especially in the skin), pears, carrots and beets. Raw materials rich in cellulose are also fibrous plants, such as flax, hemp and cotton, which are used, among others, for the production of fabrics and paper. In addition to starch and cellulose, plants also contain other polysaccharides with biologically active effects. Particularly valuable are beta-glucans, which can be found in some mushrooms, such as shiitake, reishi, and maitake. These compounds have immunomodulatory properties and support the body's immunity. Another valuable source of polysaccharides are seaweeds, especially brown and red algae, which contain agar, carrageenan and alginates. These substances have found wide application in the food and pharmaceutical industries as natural thickeners and stabilizers. Another group of polysaccharides are plant mucilages, which have protective and moisturizing properties, which is why they are often used in natural medicine and cosmetology. Plants rich in mucilages are primarily flaxseed, marshmallow root, psyllium and psyllium seeds, as well as aloe, which contains acemannan, a polysaccharide known for its anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Plants rich in polysaccharides are an extremely valuable part of the diet and a raw material with a wide range of applications. Starch provides energy, cellulose supports the proper functioning of the digestive system, and biologically active polysaccharides can strengthen immunity and support health. It is therefore worth including a variety of plant products in your daily diet to fully enjoy the benefits of these extraordinary compounds. Types of polysaccharides according to the number of molecules in the chains Polysaccharides can be classified based on their chain length and degree of complexity: Homopolysaccharides – consist of one type of monosaccharide. Examples include starch and cellulose (made of glucose) and chitin (made of N-acetylglucosamine). Heteropolysaccharides – contain different types of monosaccharides. Examples include glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronic acid, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate. In terms of chain length, we can also distinguish: Oligosaccharides – short chains (2–10 sugar units), e.g. fructooligosaccharides found in plants. High-molecular-weight polysaccharides – long chains, often with a complex structure, e.g. cellulose, hemicelluloses, xanthan gum. Natural polysaccharides in cosmetology Polysaccharides of natural origin are key components of moisturizing, anti-aging and protective cosmetics. Their ability to create protective films on the skin surface makes them effective in protecting the epidermis from water loss and the adverse effects of environmental factors. For example, polysaccharides in cosmetology are starch, cellulose, xanthan gum (Xanthan Gum), beta-glucan (Beta Glucan) and the unique biosaccharide gum-1 (Biosaccharide Gum-1), which are characterized by specific properties and mechanisms of action. Xanthan Gum – stabilizer and moisturizing agent Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris in the process of fermenting sugars. In cosmetics, it acts as a thickener, emulsion stabilizer and film former. Thanks to its ability to bind water, it acts as an effective humectant, supporting skin hydration and improving the texture of cosmetic products. In addition, it has soothing properties, making it suitable for sensitive and irritation-prone skin. Xanthan Gum does not cause allergic reactions and is well tolerated by the skin, which makes it widely used in natural cosmetics and dermocosmetics. Beta-Glucan (Beta Glucan) – an immunomodulator and regenerating substance Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide of plant and fungal origin, known for its immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. In cosmetics, it is used primarily for its ability to stimulate collagen synthesis, which helps improve skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory effects, supporting the regenerative processes of the epidermis and strengthening the skin's protective barrier. Thanks to its ability to deeply moisturize, beta-glucan reduces skin roughness, improves its softness and soothes irritations, which makes it a valuable ingredient in preparations dedicated to dry, sensitive and atopic skin. Biosaccharide Gum-1 – long-lasting hydration and anti-aging effect Biosaccharide gum-1 is a biotechnologically obtained polysaccharide, synthesized in the process of bacterial fermentation. It is valued in cosmetology for its strong moisturizing and soothing properties. It can be found in Kantola Facial Cleansing Foam. The mechanism of action of this substance is based on the formation of a protective film on the skin surface, which leads to a reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and ensuring a long-lasting moisturizing effect. Biosaccharide Gum-1 also has anti-aging properties, as it reduces oxidative stress and microwrinkles. Thanks to its soothing effect, this ingredient is used in preparations for sensitive skin and in cosmetics with regenerative and protective effects. Application of polysaccharides in other industries Polysaccharides are widely used not only in cosmetology, but also in many other industries where their structural, thickening and biological properties are used. Food Industry – Polysaccharides such as starch, pectin, agar and carrageenan are used as thickeners, emulsifiers and gelling agents. Cellulose is used as dietary fibre and xanthan gum improves food consistency and stabilises emulsions. Pharmaceuticals and medicine – hyaluronic acid and chitosan are widely used in dermatological, ophthalmic and wound care products. Beta-glucan supports the immune system, and heparin is used as an anticoagulant. Textile and paper industry – cellulose is the basic component of cotton fabrics and paper. Modified polysaccharides are used in the treatment of fabrics and as components of biodegradable packaging. Biotechnology and environmental protection – polysaccharides such as alginates and chitosan are used in tissue engineering and as biodegradable materials. They are also used in water purification processes and the production of bioplastics. Hyaluronic acid – a key polysaccharide in cosmetology and medicine Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the most important polysaccharides used in cosmetology and medicine. It is a glycosaminoglycan that occurs naturally in the skin, synovial fluid, vitreous humor of the eye and connective tissues of the body. Its main feature is the ability to bind water - one HA molecule can bind up to a thousand times more water than its mass. The structure and properties of hyaluronic acid Hyaluronic acid consists of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Its structure allows the formation of dense networks that retain water in tissues, providing the skin with hydration, elasticity and smoothness. The use of hyaluronic acid in cosmetics and medicine Properties of hyaluronic acid and its importance in cosmetology Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide belonging to glycosaminoglycans, which plays a key role in maintaining skin hydration, elasticity and integrity. It is present in the extracellular matrix, where it has a hygroscopic function, capable of binding water molecules at a level even thousand times greater than its mass. Thanks to this unique property, hyaluronic acid has found wide application in cosmetology, especially in moisturizing, anti-aging and regenerating products. Hyaluronic acid is a key ingredient in numerous cosmetic products used in facial, body and hair care. Its ability to retain water in the epidermal layers results in increased hydration, which helps improve firmness, elasticity and smooth out fine lines. As a result, it is widely used in: Moisturizing and anti-aging creams , where it prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and supports the reconstruction of the skin's hydrolipid layer. Lifting serums that contain HA in combination with other active ingredients, e.g. peptides or vitamin C, enhancing the effect of skin smoothing and firming. Moisturizing masks , providing immediate hydration and nourishment to the skin by increasing moisture retention. Eye care products that reduce the visibility of dark circles and puffiness, and improve the elasticity of the skin around the eyes, preventing the formation of facial wrinkles. Hair care cosmetics , where it prevents drying and brittleness by creating a protective film on the hair surface that prevents moisture loss. Medical use of hyaluronic acid In addition to its wide use in cosmetology, hyaluronic acid is of great importance in medicine, especially in dermatology, orthopedics, ophthalmology and wound therapy. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to bind water make it a valuable component of many medical procedures. Aesthetic Dermatology : Hyaluronic acid is the basis of many preparations used in aesthetic medicine. Fillers containing HA are used to reduce wrinkles, model the face oval and improve volume around the cheeks, lips and temples. Thanks to its ability to bind water, HA provides an immediate filling effect and long-term moisturizing effect. Orthopedics : Intra-articular injections are used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). HA acts as a synovial fluid substitute, improving the viscosity and elasticity of synovial fluid, which results in reduced friction between joint surfaces and reduced pain and inflammation. Ophthalmology : Hyaluronic acid is a component of eye drops used to treat dry eye syndrome. Its moisturizing and protective properties support the regeneration of the corneal epithelium and reduce the feeling of dryness and burning eyes. Wound healing : HA has properties that support the tissue regeneration process, which is used in the treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds, burns and ulcers. Its ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis accelerates the healing process and the reconstruction of the epidermis. Gynecology : Hyaluronic acid is used to treat vaginal dryness and to support the regeneration of the mucosal epithelium after gynecological procedures. Its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties improve the comfort of women struggling with atrophy of the mucous membranes. Various forms of hyaluronic acid in cosmetics and medicine The effectiveness of hyaluronic acid depends largely on the size of its molecules. There are three basic forms of HA, which differ in their ability to penetrate the skin and their mechanism of action: High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) : Creates an occlusive layer on the skin surface that limits water loss. It works primarily at the epidermis level, improving hydration and reducing the feeling of dryness. Medium molecular weight hyaluronic acid (MMW-HA) : It is able to penetrate the epidermal layer, thanks to which it improves skin elasticity and tension. It can support regeneration and smoothing of fine wrinkles. Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) : Penetrates deepest into the skin structures, where it stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis. Supports repair processes and has anti-aging effects, improving skin density. Natural polysaccharides play a key role in cosmetology, offering multifaceted benefits to the skin. Their ability to intensively moisturize, protect against external factors and support regenerative processes makes them widely used in modern skin care cosmetics.

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March 5, 2025

DOSA - INDIAN PANCAKE BUT SO DIFFERENT

Whenever I am in India I eat dosa whenever I can. I love dosa rolled up and very crispy – the kind that you can break with your fingers. Indian cuisine delights with a variety of flavors and aromas, and one of its most characteristic dishes is dosa - a thin, crispy pancake made from fermented rice and lentil dough. This dish comes from southern India, where it is an everyday breakfast classic, but has gained popularity all over the world. Thanks to its lightness, crunchiness and richness of additives, dosa is an excellent proposition for both lovers of exotic flavors and people looking for healthy alternatives in the kitchen. DOSA - History and Origin Dosa has a long and rich history, dating back thousands of years. It was first mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts and is believed to have originated in Tamil Nadu. Over the years, dosa spread to other South Indian states like Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh, where local variations were created. Initially prepared as a simple dish for pilgrims and monks, it quickly became an integral part of Indian street food and home cooking. Types of dosa One of the greatest things about dosa is its versatility. While the classic version is the most common, there are many variations that vary in taste, texture, and serving. Masala dosa – one of the most popular versions, containing a filling of potatoes seasoned with curry, onion and spices. Often served with coconut chutney and sambar. Plain dosa – plain, without filling, but crispy and light. Perfect for dipping in various sauces and dips. Rava dosa – made with semolina instead of fermented rice dough. It is thinner and crispier, and its preparation does not require a long wait. Mysore dosa – a spicier variety in which the pancake is spread with hot chili sauce before adding the filling. Neer dosa – a more delicate and softer version, prepared with thin rice dough, typical of Karnataka cuisine. Ingredients and preparation The basic ingredients for dosa are very simple: rice, urad dal, water and a pinch of salt. The key step in the preparation is fermentation, which not only gives the batter a slightly sour taste but also makes the dosa easier to digest. How to make dosa step by step? Soaking the ingredients – Soak the rice and urad dal separately for about 6 hours, then grind them until they form a smooth, slightly pourable dough. Fermentation – We leave the dough overnight in a warm place. Fermentation makes it fluffier and gives it a slightly sour aroma. Frying – Heat a pan, grease it with a thin layer of oil and spread a thin layer of dough, creating a round pancake. Fry on medium heat until golden and crispy. Serving – We can serve dosa with various additions like sambar, coconut chutney or ghee. Additions and methods of administration Dosa tastes delicious on its own, but it's the additions that make it a culinary treat. In India, it's usually served with: Sambar – a spicy, thick soup of lentils, vegetables and tamarind. Coconut chutney – a creamy, slightly sweet addition based on coconut, green chilies and cashew nuts. Tomato or mint chutney – refreshing sauces that give the dosa an additional flavor accent. Ghee – a bit of clarified butter on hot dosa highlights its unique flavour. Why is it worth trying dosa? Dosa is not only a tasty dish, but also a healthy one. Thanks to fermentation, it is easily digestible and rich in probiotics that support intestinal flora. In addition, it is naturally gluten-free and can be adapted to various diets - both vegan and high-protein. It is a great alternative to traditional pancakes and an ideal suggestion for breakfast or a light dinner. Dosa can be eaten by people on a gluten-free diet because the dough is made of black urid lentils and rice flour. Frying on a flat, heated baking sheet adds crunchiness. In fact, only in India do I come across crispy dosas. I don't think any Indian restaurant in Warsaw makes them like this, which is a shame. Plain dosa, or the pancake itself, is usually served with a variety of chutneys - from spicy to sweet. Usually, coconut, mint, tamarind or tomato chutneys are served. They are white, green and orange - like the Indian flag. Now that's culinary patriotism In one restaurant in Delhi, the dosa served to me was about a metre long If you are in Delhi I can recommend Saravana Bhavan restaurant on Janpath Road. Very affordable prices, looks like a cheap bar but they serve great dosa and other Indian delicacies. Or maybe you've already had a chance to try dosa? Share your impressions in the comments.

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March 2, 2025

Hair cosmetics - how much to use?

In a world where shelves are brimming with products and hair care products are available in countless varieties, it's easy to overdo it. More mousse, more mask, more oil - but is that really what your hair needs? Proper dosing of cosmetics is the key to effective, but also safe care. In this guide, we explain how much hair care to use depending on its length - to avoid weighing it down while still providing it with everything it needs. Why does the right amount of cosmetic matter? Using too many hair products can have the opposite effect to the intended one. Instead of soft and shiny strands, we get flat, greasy or stiff hair from too many stylers. In some cases, it can even irritate the scalp and cause so-called cosmetic dandruff. What's more, excessive use of products is also a waste of money. Care should not only be effective, but also economical - especially if you use professional or natural cosmetics, which are often more expensive. Hair cosmetics - quantity depending on length? Before we get into specific quantities, it’s worth determining what hair length applies to you: Short hair – to the jaw line, Medium hair – from jaw to collarbone, Long hair – below the collarbones. Remember that it is not only the length that matters, but also the density, porosity and thickness of the hair – the more hair, the more product may be needed. However, even in this case, the rule applies: start with a smaller amount and add only when necessary. Shampoo – less is more Many people mistakenly believe that the more shampoo, the better the effect. In fact, a really small amount is enough to effectively cleanse the scalp and hair: Short hair – an amount the size of a hazelnut. Long hair – a walnut-sized amount (or two hazelnut-sized portions). TIP: Dilute the shampoo with water in your hands or use an applicator cup. Lathering it before applying helps distribute it evenly and reduces the risk of drying out the scalp. Conditioner and mask – hair cosmetics used in moderation, especially at the roots Conditioners and masks are hair products that are supposed to nourish and smooth, but they can easily weigh down your strands – especially if you apply them too close to your scalp. Here are the recommended amounts: Short hair – 1 hazelnut-sized portion, for ends only. Long hair – 2–3 hazelnut-sized amounts (or 1–2 teaspoons). Use masks a maximum of 1-2 times a week. Apply them from mid-length, avoiding the roots, especially in the case of thin or quickly greasy hair. Hair End Serum/Oil – Minimalism is the Key Silicone or oil products for ends are ideal hair cosmetics to protect against breakage and split ends. But precision really counts here: Short hair – 1 drop spread between fingers. Long hair – 2–3 drops, applied from mid-length. Never rub oils into the scalp (unless it is a specialist lotion) – they can clog the follicles and lead to greasiness or irritation. Mists, lotions and leave-in hair cosmetics – controlled application These hair products are lightweight, but can also be heavy if applied in excess. It is worth observing moderation when applying: Short hair – 3–4 sprays from a distance of 20–30 cm. Long hair – 5–8 sprays, applied in layers. In the case of lotions, application concerns the scalp – dose according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and massage for 1–2 minutes. Styling – hair mousses, creams and pastes Styling products can be tricky – it’s easy to overdo it and end up with “glued” hair. Here are the suggested doses: Short hair – a pea-sized portion. Long hair – walnut-sized mousse, styling cream – approx. 1 teaspoon. Tip: Always start with a small amount. If the effect is too weak, you can add another layer. Summary – the principle of “less but precise” Hair cosmetics work best when used in moderation. The key to success is not quantity, but quality of application and matching to hair length and structure. Too much will not make hair more beautiful - on the other hand, it can weigh it down, accelerate greasiness or cause skin problems. In hair care, less really is more. Watch your hair, dose wisely and choose hair products consciously – then your hair will reward you with health and shine.

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February 27, 2025

Asia and women

Is Asia a place for women? The situation of women in Asia is complex, stemming from the region's cultural, religious, social, and economic diversity. Comprising over 50 countries and home to over 4.7 billion people (World Bank data, 2022), Asia is characterized by significant differences in the level of gender equality and access to women's rights across countries. As of 2024, the female population in Asia was approximately 2.318 billion. This means that there were on average 1,045 men for every 1,000 women. In some Asian countries, such as China and India, there is a significant gender imbalance, to the detriment of women. In China, approximately 119 boys are born for every 100 girls, leading to a male surplus in the population. Education and literacy Women's access to education in Asia varies significantly by country. According to a 2021 UNESCO report, the average female literacy rate in Asia was 79%, while in some countries, such as Afghanistan, it was significantly lower (around 29%). In more economically developed countries in the region, such as Japan and South Korea, the female literacy rate was over 99%. Despite progress in access to education in many Asian countries, girls still face obstacles such as child marriage, poverty, and cultural norms that limit their educational opportunities. Labor market Women in Asia constitute a significant portion of the workforce, yet they remain underrepresented in government sectors and leadership positions. According to the International Labor Organization, in 2022, the employment rate for women in Asia averaged 47.2%, compared to 73.8% for men. These disparities are particularly pronounced in South Asia, where women face constraints related to social norms, lack of childcare infrastructure, and discrimination in the labor market. Reproductive health and women's rights Women's access to healthcare, especially reproductive health care, remains a significant challenge in many parts of Asia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the maternal mortality rate in South Asia in 2020 was 163 per 100,000 live births, one of the highest in the world. At the same time, countries like Japan and Singapore have achieved very low maternal mortality rates, below 10 per 100,000 live births. Limited access to contraception and sexual education contributes to high rates of teenage pregnancy, especially in countries like Bangladesh and Nepal. Violence against women Violence against women, both in the home and in public spaces, remains a serious social problem in many Asian countries. According to a 2021 UN Women report, approximately 37% of women in South Asia experience physical or sexual violence in their lifetime. Countries like India and Pakistan also face problems with honor-related crimes, as well as forced marriages and domestic violence. While many countries in the region have introduced laws to protect women from violence, enforcement remains a challenge. Politics and participation in public life While women's participation in politics in Asia is gradually increasing, it remains relatively low. According to 2022 data from the Inter-Parliamentary Union, women constituted an average of 20.6% of members of parliament in Asia, below the global average of 26.1%. Women are often excluded from decision-making due to patriarchal social norms. Asia places women in tradition The traditional role of women in Asia is deeply rooted in cultural, religious, and historical values ​​that have shaped the region's social structures for centuries. Asia, as a continent of immense ethnic and cultural diversity, presents both common and distinct features of traditional gender role perceptions. Women, particularly in patriarchal societies, have often been perceived as guardians of the home, subordinated to men in the familial and public spheres. Patriarchal system In many Asian cultures, such as those prevalent in China, India, and Japan, societies were historically based on patriarchal systems. This means that power and privilege were concentrated in the hands of men, while women were responsible for household chores and childrearing. The influence of Confucianism in China and Korea emphasized women's subordination to men and the hierarchy within the family. According to Confucius's teachings, "a woman should be subject to her father before marriage, to her husband during marriage, and to her son after her husband's death"—a principle known as the "Three Obediences." Religion Dominant religions in Asia, such as Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, and Confucianism, have had a significant impact on defining gender roles. In Hinduism, women were traditionally viewed as "guardians of dharma"—responsible for maintaining harmony within the family, but at the same time often subordinate to their husbands. In Islam, women were assigned a specific role in the domestic sphere, in accordance with interpretations of the Quran, which in some regions of Asia led to limited participation in public life. Although Buddhism promoted equality in some contexts, in practice in many Asian societies it did not translate into equal rights for women within social structures. Customary laws affirming women's traditional roles India and the caste system In India, the traditional caste system (varnas) had a profound impact on women's lives. Women, especially those in the upper castes, were often isolated through the practice of "purdah" (veiling and separation). Research by the National Commission for Women in India (2018) indicates that in many rural communities, women are still excluded from decision-making affecting their families and communities. China and the Policy of Filial Piety The traditional role of women in China was shaped by the Confucian concept of xiaodao (filial piety). Women were seen as the "glue of the family"—responsible for raising children and caring for the elderly. A 2022 World Economic Forum report shows that women still make up less than 25% of management positions in China, reflecting traditional limitations on their access to leadership roles. Japan and the "ryosaikenbo" model In Japan, women's traditional role as "good wives and wise mothers" ( ryosaikenbo ) has been promoted since the Meiji era (1868–1912). OECD research (2021) shows that despite advances in education and employment, women in Japan still perform 85% of the housework, demonstrating the persistence of traditional gender roles. Modern Women - Asia is Changing The situation of women in Asia has undergone gradual, yet varied, change over recent decades. Social movements, economic development, globalization, and political interventions have contributed to improving women's rights and position in many Asian countries. While women in Asia still constitute a minority in politics, their participation is increasing. In 2022, women constituted an average of 20.6% of members of parliament in Asia, up from about 12% in the 1990s. Famous women in Asian politics Women in Asian politics have played a significant role in shaping political life in the region, even though patriarchal power structures have dominated many countries on the continent for centuries. Indira Gandhi (1917–1984) – India Indira Gandhi was the first woman to serve as Prime Minister of India (1966–1977, 1980–1984) and one of the most influential political leaders of the 20th century. Her policies, described as "authoritarian leadership," included significant economic reforms, such as the nationalization of banks, and the declaration of a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977. Gandhi was a key figure during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, which led to the creation of independent Bangladesh. Despite the controversy surrounding her policies, Indira Gandhi remains an icon of Indian politics. She was assassinated in 1984. Aung San Suu Kyi (born 1945) – Myanmar (Burma) Aung San Suu Kyi, winner of the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize, was a symbol of the struggle for democracy in Myanmar (Burma). As leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD), she struggled for decades against the repression of the military junta. In 2015, after years of house arrest, the NLD won the parliamentary elections, and Suu Kyi assumed the role of State Counselor (de facto head of government). Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007) – Pakistan Benazir Bhutto was the first woman in the world to be elected Prime Minister of a Muslim country. She served in Pakistan twice (1988–1990, 1993–1996). As leader of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Bhutto sought to modernize the country and improve the situation of women. She was killed in a bomb attack in 2007. Tsai Ing-wen (born 1956) – Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen is the first woman elected president of Taiwan (since 2016). As chairwoman of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Tsai is known for promoting Taiwan's independence from China and progressive social reforms, such as the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2019—the first such law in Asia. Her presidency enjoys high public support, especially amid tensions with China. Yingluck Shinawatra (born 1967) – Thailand Yingluck Shinawatra was Thailand's first female prime minister (2011–2014). She was seen as a progressive leader, pursuing social and political reforms. However, her reign ended in a military coup in 2014. Malala Yousafzai - Pakistan Malala Yousafzai received the Nobel Peace Prize at the age of 17, making her the youngest laureate in history. She was awarded for her fight for girls' rights to education in Pakistan, particularly in Taliban-controlled regions where girls' education was prohibited. Malala survived an assassination attempt in 2012, and her story and work inspired a global movement for women's education. Influential Asian women The lack of education and opportunities for women were among the factors driving emigration from Asia. It was from the homes of those with roots in Asia that influential women were born. These women played significant roles in various spheres of life – politics, culture, science, and activism. Through their achievements and activities, they changed global discourse and inspired subsequent generations. Kamala Harris (India/Jamaica/USA) Kamala Harris, the daughter of immigrants from India and Jamaica, is the first woman, first person of South Asian descent, and first Black woman to serve as vice president of the United States. Her success symbolizes progress in the representation of ethnic minorities in US politics. Yoko Ono (Japan) Yoko Ono (born February 18, 1933 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese-American conceptual artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist. She is best known for her work in avant-garde art and her relationship with John Lennon, a member of the legendary band The Beatles. Yoko Ono is considered one of the most controversial and influential figures in the world of art and popular culture. Priyanka Chopra Jonas (India) Priyanka Chopra is one of Bollywood's most recognizable actresses, who has also found success in Hollywood. She is a UNICEF ambassador and actively advocates for women's rights and access to education. Vera Wang (China/USA) Vera Wang, a Chinese-American designer, revolutionized the bridal industry with her unique wedding gown designs. Her brand has become a symbol of luxury and elegance worldwide. Naomi Osaka (Japan/Haiti) Naomi Osaka is a Japanese-Haitian tennis player who has won four Grand Slam titles. She is also a social justice activist, vocally advocating for equality and anti-racism. Margaret Chan (Hong Kong) Margaret Chan served as Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2006 to 2017. She played a key role in global efforts to combat pandemics, including H1N1 influenza. Rupi Kaur (India/Canada) Rupi Kaur, an Indian-born poet and artist, is one of the most influential contemporary writers. Her books, such as Milk and Honey , have achieved enormous popularity, particularly among young women. A common denominator among influential women of Asian descent is their ability to break down social, cultural, and professional barriers. Their actions—whether in politics, culture, science, or activism—have had and continue to have a profound impact on global discourse, contributing to a more inclusive and equitable world. The composition is an idea for a post. Asia has always fascinated me. Thanks to it, Orientana cosmetics were created. Having lived in Asia for 20 years, I observed how the role of women changed, and above all, I noticed how attitudes towards me changed.

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February 22, 2025

Washing Your Hair With Just Water? Natural Hair Washing Methods.

Washing your hair with water alone - although it is hard to imagine, especially these days when there are thousands of brands of shampoos available on the cosmetics market - exists and has even become quite a popular trend. WASHING HAIR WITH JUST WATER - IS IT POSSIBLE? These are the so-called "no poo" or natural hair washing methods that limit themselves to using only water or replace shampoo with various substitutes. Some people praise such hair washing techniques, primarily because they are ecological. Washing your hair with water only, also known as the "water-only washing" (WOW) method, is a minimalist approach to hair care that involves forgoing chemical cleansers and hair care products. Instead, you use only water to cleanse your hair and scalp. This method is gaining popularity among those looking for natural, gentle hair care methods or those who suffer from sensitive skin. What does washing your hair with just water involve? Washing your hair with water alone means completely avoiding shampoos, especially those containing SLS and SLES, which can dry out your scalp and hair. It is necessary to stop using detergents. The aim of this method is to restore the natural balance of sebum production by the scalp. Sebum naturally moisturizes the hair, and the lack of aggressive cleansing agents allows it to distribute evenly. Washing your hair with just water is possible, but it is important to brush and massage your scalp regularly. This helps distribute sebum along the length of your hair, which moisturizes it and protects the ends from drying out. washing your hair with just water - advantages Washing with just water has a positive effect on the scalp in particular. The sebum produced by the scalp acts as a natural moisturiser and protectant for the hair. Washing your hair with just water does not irritate your skin. It is ideal for people with sensitive scalp, eczema, psoriasis or allergies to cosmetic ingredients. Of course, this is an ecological and economical way. Limiting the use of cosmetics reduces waste and is environmentally friendly. You also save on buying hair products. The WOW method is a way to reduce the oiliness of the scalp. Regular use of shampoos (mainly drugstore ones with SLS/SLES) can lead to overproduction of sebum in response to their drying effect. Washing hair with water alone helps reduce excessive oiliness. With prolonged use of this method, hair may become thicker, denser and stronger. washing your hair with just water - Challenges and potential difficulties At first, hair may look oily or dull as the scalp adjusts to the new routine. The adaptation period can take from a few weeks to a few months. Water may not be effective enough to remove accumulated dirt, styling product residue or excess sebum, especially in the case of very oily scalp. Hair can be rough or dull, especially if the water in your area is hard (high in minerals), which can affect the texture of your hair. Water hardness has a significant impact on how effectively your hair is washed. Hard water, which is high in calcium and magnesium ions, can cause hair to become stiff and difficult to style. Soft water, which lacks these ions, makes hair more susceptible to styling. The WOW method is not for all hair types. Curly and high porosity hair may require additional moisture, as sebum is not always evenly distributed. Washing your hair with water alone will not work on thin hair. It may look flat. How to effectively wash your hair with just water? In order for washing your hair with water alone to be effective and give good results, you need to focus on hair care that supports this technique. It is very important to prepare your scalp. Before washing, gently massage your scalp with your fingertips to stimulate circulation and loosen sebum and impurities. Don't forget to brush your hair. Brushing your hair daily helps distribute sebum from the roots to the lengths of your hair. Use a natural boar bristle brush, which gently moves sebum. The technique of washing with water is also important. You should wash your hair with warm water. Warm water helps dissolve sebum and impurities. You should not use hot water, which can dry out the scalp. Washing your hair with just water requires rinsing thoroughly for at least 3-5 minutes, massaging your scalp with your fingers to remove any accumulated dirt. Alternate rinsing with warm and cool water will help seal the hair cuticles. What can I replace shampoo with? Sometimes washing your hair without shampoo is not enough. If you want to use the most natural methods of washing your hair, and using only water is not an option, you can try replacing shampoo with additives such as: apple cider vinegar, baking soda, soap nuts , flour (potato, corn, chickpea), decoctions of fenugreek, wormwood, soapberry and other herbs. Such hair washing techniques bring quite good results, although they are a bit problematic - before each hair wash you have to prepare the appropriate mixture yourself, carefully dosing the ingredients. Home methods to improve the appearance of hair are natural rinses. Apple Cider Vinegar: Restores the natural pH of the scalp and has a cleansing effect. Dilute 1-2 tablespoons of vinegar in 1 liter of water and use as a rinse after washing. Lemon Juice: Helps reduce excess sebum. Nettle or chamomile infusion: Strengthens hair and soothes scalp irritation. When washing your hair with just water, it is worth doing a scalp scrub from time to time, e.g. with sugar and coconut oil) to remove dead skin and impurities. Made from natural ingredients, it will be both ecological and healthy. How to Wash Your Hair Without Shampoo - DIY The baking soda washing method, while controversial, does have its supporters. Baking soda acts as a natural exfoliant and cleanser, helping to remove excess sebum, dirt, and leftover styling products. It also has odor-absorbing properties, which can help refresh the scalp. Using baking soda can make hair appear fuller and lighter. Preparation of soda solution Dissolve 1-2 tablespoons of baking soda in 1 cup of warm water Apply solution to wet hair and scalp. Gently massage your scalp for 1-2 minutes. Rinse thoroughly with warm water. This method has many supporters, but dermatologists warn that the high pH of baking soda can lead to scalp irritation and hair damage. This method should be introduced on a trial basis. Washing your hair with soap nuts is a natural method of cleansing the scalp and hair that is gaining popularity among people looking for eco-friendly and gentle alternatives to traditional shampoos. Soap nuts (also known as Reetha or Sapindus Mukorossi) contain natural saponins that act as a gentle cleansing agent. Soap nuts come from the Sapindus Mukorossi tree, which grows primarily in India and Nepal. They have been used for centuries in Ayurvedic hair and skin care. Soap nuts cleanse the hair and scalp without damaging the natural lipid barrier. They are an excellent alternative to shampoos containing SLS and other strong detergents. They are a 100% natural washing agent. Regular use helps regulate sebum secretion, making hair less oily. Saponins contained in nuts give hair softness and natural shine. Soap nuts, thanks to their antibacterial and antifungal properties, help fight dandruff and scalp irritation. They are environmentally friendly - they can be composted after use. Preparation of reetha mixture Soap nuts are available in powder form. Mix 1-2 tablespoons of Reetha powder with a little water to form a paste. Apply the paste to your scalp and hair, massaging gently. Rinse thoroughly with warm water. Soap nuts have light moisturizing properties, so many people don't feel the need to use conditioner. These nuts can be purchased at organic food stores. Washing your hair with just flour Flours absorb excess sebum and impurities, gently cleansing the scalp without damaging its natural lipid barrier. Some flours (e.g. chickpea flour) have nourishing and strengthening properties for hair. The flour is environmentally friendly and much cheaper than most shampoos. Chickpea flour has been used in Ayurvedic hair care for centuries, which proves its effectiveness in traditional hair care methods. This method should not be used for long. Herbal decoctions Washing your hair with herbal decoctions is a gentle and natural care method that can replace traditional shampoos or complement them. Herbs have various properties – from cleansing, through strengthening, to moisturizing and regulating sebum secretion. The selection of the right herbs depends on the type of hair, the condition of the scalp and the effects we want to achieve. Herbs help gently remove impurities and excess sebum without damaging the scalp's natural protective barrier. Many herbs provide nutrients that strengthen hair follicles and stimulate hair growth. Herbs can help reduce oiliness or moisturize dry scalp. They soothe itchy scalps, help fight dandruff and irritation. Herbal decoctions give hair shine, softness, and volume. What herbs are good for different hair needs? Nettle, horsetail, rosemary for oily hair. Chamomile, marigold and lime blossom decoctions will help with dry hair. Ayurvedic herbs – amla , bhringraj , centella asiatica – will work for hair loss. Dandruff and scalp irritation will be taken care of by the Ayurvedic herb neem. Who is the water-only hair washing method for? Washing your hair with water alone may work for people with sensitive scalps or those prone to allergies. It may be more difficult for people with very oily scalps, people with curly, dry or high porosity hair, which may require additional moisture. It will not work for people who use a lot of styling products (gels, hairsprays, mousses) that may be difficult to remove with water alone. Washing Your Hair with Just Water – What to Expect? During the first weeks of washing your hair with just water, your hair may be greasy or dull. This is because your scalp has to adjust to the lack of detergents. Sebum production gradually regulates. Hair may feel heavy and weighed down. This may be due to sebum build-up, especially in people with oily hair. How to survive the transition period? More frequent brushing and scalp massages will help. You can also support yourself with natural rinses (e.g. with apple cider vinegar). The most important thing is patience - adaptation can take from several weeks to several months. washing hair with water only – indirect methods Co-washing (Conditioner Washing) Co-washing is washing your hair with conditioner only (without shampoo). Special washing conditioners are used that contain gentle cleaning agents but no aggressive detergents (like SLS or SLES). It works well for people with curly, wavy, dry or high porosity hair. This method is good for those who wash their hair often and do not want to dry it out, and for people with sensitive scalp. Washing is gentle and does not remove natural oils. Hair is more moisturized, soft, and less frizzy. OMO method The OMO hair care method is a washing technique that works particularly well on curly, wavy or high porosity hair, but can be used by people with all hair types. The abbreviation OMO comes from the sequence of steps: O – Conditioner: Apply conditioner to the length of your hair (avoid the scalp). This prevents your hair from drying out during washing, especially if you use shampoos with harsh detergents. This is also a good option for those with dry or damaged ends. M – Wash: Wash your scalp with shampoo. The foam from the shampoo flows down your hair and gently cleanses it without drying it out. O – Conditioner: After rinsing out the shampoo, apply conditioner to the entire length of the hair to moisturize and smooth. Leave on for a few minutes, then rinse. By using this method regularly, you may notice that your hair becomes softer, more flexible and less prone to frizz. Washing your hair with Ayurvedic shampoos without SLS Herbal and natural shampoos containing Shikakai, Reetha (soap nuts) or clays are natural cleansing agents. Why is it worth reaching for a natural hair shampoo? Using Ayurvedic shampoos is definitely the best and most effective of all natural hair washing methods. Thanks to it, we can not only thoroughly cleanse the scalp and hair, but also deeply nourish, moisturize and strengthen them. Additionally, natural hair shampoos have the advantage that their composition is 100% ecological, so they are friendly to our planet. As you can see, caring for the environment and caring for your hair can be reconciled. If you have delicate hair and want to add volume and lift it at the roots, try the jasmine and almond shampoo . For oily hair , the neem and green tea shampoo will be perfect. A gentle but effective shampoo for the whole family is the ginger and lemongrass shampoo . Washing your hair with just water is a method that can bring many benefits, such as less oiliness, natural hydration, and no scalp irritation. Washing your hair without shampoo, especially with just water, is extremely ecological, but for some of us, even in the short term, it turns out to have a negative effect on its condition. Hair becomes oily, loses volume, and over time, dandruff and other dermatological problems appear. Washing your hair with just water is an idea that came from a reluctance to use chemical detergents and the need to take care of the environment, which the drugstore industry is doing a great deal of harm to. But we can manifest our concern for the fate of the planet in another way - instead of drugstore shampoos, it is enough to reach for their natural equivalents, for example Ayurvedic shampoos.

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February 8, 2025

Love and acceptance starts with you!

Acceptance and love. It seems simple, but many of us do not have it. Do you have an inner voice in your head that tells you that you are not enough? Do you tend to over-adapt to others? Do you often analyze your mistakes and wonder what others think about them? Start working on self-acceptance and self-love. Self-love is one of the most important feelings we can develop. It is like a delicate flower that requires attention, patience and care. Self-love does not appear overnight – it is a process that takes time and work. However, remember that every small step towards self-acceptance and self-love is of great importance. While it may seem difficult for many of us to achieve, accepting and loving yourself is the foundation of mental health, good relationships and inner harmony. Why is self-love important? Self-love is not egoism or narcissism. It is a healthy relationship with yourself, based on acceptance, understanding and gentleness. When we love ourselves, it is easier for us to cope with challenges, accept our imperfections and forgive ourselves for our mistakes. It is also the basis for building healthy relationships with other people. When we are able to give ourselves love, we do not expect others to "fill us" with it. We become more independent, fulfilled and ready to share our happiness. Lack of self-love often leads to low self-esteem, chronic guilt, and even health problems. That's why it's worth making this feeling a priority. It's an investment that will pay off in every aspect of our lives. Self-acceptance Self-acceptance is the foundation of self-love. It means recognizing and accepting ourselves as we are – without conditions, demands or judgments. It is consent to our emotions, experiences, appearance and past. Practicing self-acceptance starts with understanding that no one is perfect. Our flaws and mistakes are a part of us and can be valuable lessons. Instead of focusing on what we would like to change about ourselves, let's try to see our strengths and what makes us unique. If you find yourself criticizing your body, try to look at it with gratitude. Think about how much it does for you – it allows you to walk, laugh, hug your loved ones. You can also try saying one positive sentence to yourself every day, such as “I am enough just the way I am.” Remember that self-acceptance is a process. You may have days where you feel worse, and that's okay. The important thing is not to give up and not go back to criticizing yourself. Instead, remind yourself that you are in the process of growth and every step toward acceptance matters. What to do to practice self-love? By working on self-acceptance you can develop love in many ways. In this post I will show you how to proceed to develop this beautiful feeling towards yourself. Take care of your body and health Your body is your home for life. Maintaining a healthy diet, exercise, adequate sleep, and regular check-ups is an expression of respect and love for yourself. Listen to your body's signals and don't ignore your needs. For example, try to introduce a short walk or exercise that you enjoy into your day. Set aside time for a care ritual with cosmetics that also act as aromatherapy. This could be 60 minutes in the bathroom, where you light a scented candle , apply a mask , massage your body with a scented oil or do a facial massage with a beautiful rose scented oil . Do what you like. Remember, you decide. Set healthy boundaries Say “no” when you feel something is crossing your boundaries. Respect your emotions and priorities. You don’t have to please everyone, your well-being is equally important. For example, if you feel someone is demanding too much from you, calmly explain why you need time for yourself. Setting boundaries is important to feel good about yourself. Practice gratitude Take a moment every day to appreciate yourself and your life. You can keep a gratitude journal where you write down the things you are grateful for. Write there not only the bigger achievements but also the small daily successes. For example, write down "I am grateful that I took the time to go for a walk today" or "I appreciate your patience during a difficult conversation". Remember that you always have a reason to be grateful. Stop comparing yourself Comparing yourself to others is a natural human tendency, but remember that we all have our own path and our own pace. Comparing yourself to others is a trap that takes away the joy. Instead, focus on your growth and appreciate the progress you are making. Realize that you are only seeing part of the reality when you look at social media. If you find yourself comparing yourself to someone on social media, take a break from it and focus on your goals. Be gentle with yourself When you make mistakes, be kind to yourself. Instead of criticizing yourself, think about what you would say to a loved one in a similar situation, and then say it out loud to yourself. For example, instead of thinking, “I suck at forgetting that appointment,” tell yourself, “Everyone forgets sometimes. I’ll make a note of it in my calendar next time.” Surround yourself with people who support you Relationships have a huge impact on how we feel. Choose people who inspire, motivate, and support you. Avoid toxic relationships that lower your self-esteem. For example, if you feel uncomfortable around someone, give yourself permission to limit your contact with that person. However, if you have to maintain such relationships for some reason, remember to set boundaries. Do things that make you happy Find time for your passions and interests. It is not a luxury, but a necessity. Doing what you love gives you energy and builds a positive attitude towards yourself. If you love reading, set aside evenings with a book and a cup of tea. If you love art, try to create something of your own, even if it is just for fun. What NOT to do when working on self-acceptance? Working on self-acceptance is a process that requires patience, but there are certain traps that can slow you down or even set you back in this development. You will not build love and self-acceptance if you do not get rid of self-criticism. Criticizing yourself weakens your self-esteem. Learn to notice your thoughts and replace negative words with constructive ones. For example, instead of thinking "I will never succeed at this", tell yourself "It's a challenge, but I can try." Also, striving for perfection can lead to burnout and feeling like you’re never good enough. Allow yourself to be human. For example, if something didn’t work out perfectly, think, “I did the best I could in this moment, and that’s okay.” Remember not to neglect yourself. Do not ignore your needs in the name of duties or the expectations of others. Remember that you have the right to rest and take care of yourself. For example, if you feel tired after returning from work, you do not have to immediately take on household chores such as cleaning or laundry. Instead of taking on more tasks, allow yourself at least a moment of relaxation, but real relaxation. Drink a cup of tea in peace, listen to music or just lie on the couch. When our lives need to change Our body almost always lets us know that something is wrong. Symptoms can be divided into emotional, mental, physical and social. Check if the symptoms listed below apply to you. If so, re-read the chapter What to do to practice self-love and start taking action. Emotional symptoms Constant self-criticism - You have an inner voice in your head telling you that you are not enough, that you are doing everything wrong. Low self-esteem – You feel like you don’t deserve love, success, happiness. Guilt and shame – Even for minor mistakes you feel guilty and dwell on them for a long time. Difficulty accepting compliments – You don’t believe it when someone says something nice to you because deep down you feel inadequate. Fear of rejection – You tend to over-adapt to others just to be accepted. Psychiatric symptoms Perfectionism and excessive self-discipline – You feel like you have to be the best at everything or you will have no value. Comparing yourself to others – You often think that others have it better, look better, are more valuable. Difficulty making decisions – Lack of self-confidence makes you afraid to make choices because you do not trust your own judgment. Putting on masks – You hide your true emotions and needs so that others will accept you. Physical symptoms Fatigue and lack of energy – The stress associated with low self-esteem can lead to exhaustion. Sleep problems – Over-analyzing your mistakes and thinking about the future makes it difficult to fall asleep. Eating problems – Emotional eating or excessive dietary control as a form of “punishment.” Avoiding mirrors and photos – You feel dislike about your appearance and find it difficult to look at yourself objectively. Social symptoms Avoiding relationships or toxic relationships – You may be afraid of closeness because you don’t feel worthy of love, or on the contrary – you enter into relationships where you are underappreciated. Constantly seeking approval – Your worth depends on what others think of you. Escaping into work or activities – Constantly keeping yourself occupied with something so as not to be left alone with yourself and your thoughts. Joy of life is the basis of success Life often presents us with various responsibilities, challenges and stressful situations, which is why it is so important to find time for what brings us genuine joy. These are the moments that help us recharge our internal batteries, strengthen our sense of happiness and make life more satisfying. So do the things that bring you joy! How to find what brings you joy? Ask yourself what you always liked to do as a child. Often our old passions can become a source of joy again. Start experimenting. Try new things! Don't be afraid to step outside your comfort zone and discover new interests. Notice when you lose track of time. If you're doing something that absorbs you completely, it's a sign that it may be your passion. And of course, don't judge yourself too harshly. You don't have to be the best at something to do it. It's about your enjoyment, not perfection! Self-acceptance and self-love is a journey, not an instant effect. It is a process that requires patience, time and commitment. Every, even the smallest step towards greater self-care has great value and brings you closer to inner harmony. Be your own best friend. Hug yourself in your thoughts, speak to yourself with love and enjoy your presence. You are worth it.

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February 7, 2025

Discover the secrets of hyaluronic acid and use them!

What secrets does hyaluronic acid hide? Is hyaluronic acid worth using on your face? Learn the secrets of this ingredient. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide with a molecular weight ranging from 10 kDa to over 10 MDa, depending on the tissue and application. In synovial fluid, the molecular weight is usually 4–5 MDa, while cosmetics use low-, medium-, and high-molecular-weight forms: <100 kDa, 100–1,000 kDa, and >1,000 kDa, respectively. One HA molecule can bind water in an amount from 1,000 to 4,000 times its own weight, which means that 1 gram of HA can bind up to 6 liters of water. Such a high water-binding capacity is responsible for tissue hydration and elasticity. The concentration of HA in various tissues is: 0.5 mg/g wet tissue in the skin, mainly in the papillary dermis, and 1 to 4 mg/ml in synovial fluid, where it is responsible for viscoelastic properties. The half-life of HA varies depending on the location: in the skin it is 1–2 days, in synovial fluid about 1 week, and in the vitreous humor of the eye – several weeks. These data show that HA is rapidly metabolized and plays a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The metabolism of hyaluronic acid is dynamic. It includes the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, degradation and elimination from the body. It is worth mentioning the degradation of hyaluronic acid. This is a process in which hyaluronic acid molecules disintegrate into smaller fragments, losing their biological properties, such as the ability to bind water or support tissue regeneration. Degradation can occur naturally in the body or be induced by external factors. Since the half-life of HA in the skin is 24 to 48 hours, this means that it is regularly broken down and replaced by newly synthesized molecules. Degradation can also be the result of external factors. For example, UV radiation causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage HA molecules. Degradation can be the result of inflammation. The production of free radicals as a result of inflammatory processes accelerates this degradation. HA can also be degraded by changes in pH, the presence of heavy metals or other chemical factors that disrupt the stability of bonds in the polysaccharide chain. In cosmetic products, improper storage, e.g. at high temperatures, can lead to HA hydrolysis, reducing the effectiveness of the preparation. Practical significance of HA degradation In the body : The rapid metabolism of HA makes it necessary to constantly renew it, which highlights the importance of HA supplementation in cosmetics and aesthetic medicine. In aesthetic treatments : Cross-linked HA-based fillers are more resistant to enzymatic degradation, which extends their duration of action (6-18 months). However, their final decomposition in the body occurs naturally. In skin care : Cosmetics with HA can counteract the effects of its degradation in the skin caused by aging or UV radiation. HA degradation is therefore a natural process that requires support through appropriate care, supplementation or regenerative treatments. Hyaluronic acid for the face - varieties Hyaluronic acid for skin care comes in several forms that differ in molecular weight, which affects its biological properties and applications. The basic division includes low molecular weight (LMW), medium molecular weight (MMW), and high molecular weight (HMW). Low molecular weight HA, with a molecular weight below 100 kDa, is characterized by the ability to penetrate deeper into the skin, which makes it particularly useful in the regeneration and moisturization of the deeper layers of the epidermis and in the stimulation of collagen synthesis. Medium molecular weight HA, ranging from 100 to 1,000 kDa, provides a balance between deep hydration and the creation of a protective barrier on the skin surface. In turn, high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, with a molecular weight exceeding 1,000 kDa, acts mainly on the skin surface, creating a protective film that reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and improves skin elasticity. Acetylated sodium hyaluronate. This is a modified form of sodium hyaluronate, which has been enriched with acetyl groups, providing better moisturizing, protective and regenerative properties compared to classic sodium hyaluronate (Sodium Hyaluronate). HA degradation is a process in which hyaluronic acid (HA) molecules break down into smaller fragments, losing their biological properties, such as the ability to bind water or support tissue regeneration. Degradation can occur naturally in the body or be induced by external factors. In the body, HA is naturally broken down by enzymes called hyaluronidases. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the HA chain, leading to the formation of shorter oligomers that are less effective at binding water. This process occurs as part of normal metabolic processes in tissues such as skin, joints, and the extracellular matrix. In the skin, HA has a half-life of 24 to 48 hours, meaning that it is regularly broken down and replaced by newly synthesized molecules. Degradation can also be the result of external factors such as UV radiation or inflammation. Exposure of the skin to intense UV radiation leads to accelerated breakdown of HA in the dermis, which results in loss of elasticity and accelerated skin aging. Therefore, Hyaluronic acid for skin care should be used constantly. HA can also be degraded by changes in pH, the presence of heavy metals or other chemical factors that disrupt the stability of bonds in the polysaccharide chain. In cosmetic products, improper storage, e.g. at high temperatures, can lead to HA hydrolysis, reducing the effectiveness of the preparation. Hyaluronic acid in cosmetics We are increasingly paying attention to active ingredients in cosmetics. Manufacturers most often use a mixture of low-molecular and high-molecular HA, which allows for comprehensive action in different layers of the skin. High-molecular HA is particularly popular due to its immediate moisturizing properties and ability to improve skin texture and appearance. In addition, its protective and anti-inflammatory effects make it a key ingredient in many moisturizing, anti-aging and regenerating preparations. Thanks to its diverse properties, HA in various forms has found wide application in aesthetic medicine and dermocosmetics, making it one of the most popular and versatile active ingredients. The effect of hyaluronic acid on the skin HA plays a key role in maintaining skin homeostasis, fulfilling both structural and biological functions. As a linear polysaccharide belonging to glycosaminoglycans, it occurs naturally in the extracellular matrix of the dermis, where it constitutes about 50% of the total amount of HA in the body. Its exceptional ability to bind water, up to 1000-4000 times more than its own weight, makes it an essential ingredient responsible for maintaining the proper level of skin hydration. In the skin layers, hyaluronic acid works on multiple levels. In the stratum corneum of the epidermis, it creates a protective film that prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL), protecting the skin from drying out and the negative impact of external factors such as pollution or UV radiation. In the deeper layers of the dermis, it stimulates fibroblast activity, supporting the synthesis of collagen and elastin, which translates into improved skin elasticity and firmness. Additionally, HA acts as a mediator of regenerative processes, supporting wound healing and reducing inflammation by modulating the activity of cytokines and growth factors. The effect of hyaluronic acid depends on its molecular weight. High molecular weight HA (HMW, >1,000 kDa) acts mainly on the skin surface, creating a protective barrier and preventing water loss, while low molecular weight HA (LMW, <100 kDa) penetrates deeper layers of the skin, where it affects cell proliferation and the induction of HA production by fibroblasts. Medium molecular weight HA (MMW, 100–1,000 kDa) provides a balance between surface action and deeper regenerative processes. In addition, HA has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accelerate skin aging processes, and reduces the activation of pro-inflammatory factors, which helps maintain a healthy skin microenvironment. This makes HA an effective ingredient in the treatment of sensitive, atopic and inflammatory skin, such as acne or eczema. In summary, the effects of hyaluronic acid on the skin include comprehensive improvement of its hydration, elasticity and regenerative abilities. Its wide application in cosmetology and dermatology results from its extraordinary biological properties, which are responsible for both the protection of the epidermal barrier and deep stimulation of repair processes. Thanks to its multidirectional effects, HA is one of the most effective and universal ingredients in skin care. Applying hyaluronic acid to the face - what effects can you expect? HA is one of the most effective ingredients used in facial skin care, both in cosmetics and professional aesthetic medicine treatments. Its effects result from its moisturizing, regenerative and stimulating properties. The effects of regular use of hyaluronic acid on the face are visible both in everyday care and after professional cosmetic or aesthetic medicine treatments. Regular use of HA products improves skin hydration, elasticity and appearance, reduces signs of aging and protects the skin from external factors. Thanks to its multidirectional properties, hyaluronic acid for skin care is one of the most versatile and effective care ingredients. Intensive skin hydration Hyaluronic acid effectively binds water in the epidermis and dermis, providing deep hydration. As a result, the skin becomes smoother, softer and radiant. The moisturizing effect is visible after a short-term use of products containing HA, making it an ideal ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin. I recommend the product Serum Ampoule MOISTURIZATION . The hyaluronic acid contained in it perfectly moisturizes the skin. The absorption of hyaluronic acid is both deep and epidermal. There are two types in the Ampoule - low molecular weight and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. There is an immediate and long-term improvement in the appearance of the skin. Also try the natural cream with snail slime and hyaluronic acid . The cream intensively moisturizes the skin of the face and also reduces scars and discolorations. Improving skin elasticity and firmness Regular use of hyaluronic acid improves skin elasticity, because HA supports regenerative processes and stimulates fibroblasts to produce collagen and elastin. The skin regains its firmness and looks younger. To improve skin firmness, it is worth choosing Brahmi Hialuron serum . Thanks to the serum, the skin becomes firmer, beautifully tightened and the effects are visible quickly. At night, it is worth using Reishi Cream, which contains HA and an extract of the adaptogen - reishi mushroom. Wrinkle reduction and skin smoothing Hyaluronic acid acts as a natural filler that reduces fine wrinkles and expression lines, especially those resulting from dry skin. In the case of more advanced wrinkles, cross-linked hyaluronic acid used in filling treatments (e.g. nasolabial folds) gives immediate results in the form of their smoothing. Here, snail slime cream and Reishi night cream will also work well. Improves skin texture and color Thanks to its ability to retain moisture and support regenerative processes, HA helps even out the skin's texture. The skin becomes smoother and its color improves. Additionally, HA supports the healing processes of minor skin damage, reducing the visibility of scars and discolorations. A great product for improving skin texture, containing HA acid is Serum with RETINOL H10 0.5%. Regular use gives great results. Protective effect On the skin surface, HA creates a protective layer that prevents water loss (reduction of transepidermal water loss, TEWL) and protects against external factors such as environmental pollution or UV radiation. Skin renewal and regeneration HA supports skin regeneration processes, accelerating the healing of minor damage and improving microcirculation. This makes the skin look healthier and more resistant to environmental stressors. Choose Reishi Purple Rice Regenerating Booster . Adaptogenic ingredients supported by Ha acid provide visible regenerative effects. Improving the appearance of the lips and eye area When treating lips with hyaluronic acid, their volume and hydration increase, giving them a fuller look. In the eye area, it reduces dark circles, improves skin firmness and fills wrinkles. We recommend eye cream with snail slime. Soothing and anti-inflammatory effect HA helps reduce redness and irritation, making it a good choice for those with sensitive or problematic skin. Its anti-inflammatory properties support the treatment of acne and other inflammatory skin conditions. Hyaluronic acid in aesthetic medicine Cosmetic treatments using HA are very popular due to the quickly visible effects of the hyaluronic acid treatment. Injecting hyaluronic acid is no longer surprising to anyone today. The price of the hyaluronic acid treatment is high and does not always fit into our budget. For example, wrinkle removal with hyaluronic acid costs around PLN 1,800. Mesotherapy involves the intradermal administration of preparations containing non-cross-linked or slightly cross-linked HA by microinjection. The treatment intensively moisturizes, improves skin elasticity, reduces fine wrinkles and supports regeneration. Mesotherapy is used on the face, neck, décolleté, hands and other areas requiring revitalization. Filling wrinkles and creases This is one of the most popular aesthetic treatments, consisting of injecting cross-linked HA to fill static wrinkles (e.g. nasolabial folds, "marionette lines"). As a result, the skin gains smoothness and a younger appearance. The effects usually last from 6 to 18 months, depending on the type of preparation and the individual characteristics of the patient. The price of a hyaluronic acid treatment for a lion's wrinkle ranges from PLN 1,300 to PLN 1,600. Lip modeling and augmentation Treatment using cross-linked HA allows for increasing the volume of the lips, improving their contour and moisturizing. HA is also used to correct lip asymmetry and restore volume to lips that lose firmness with age. Face oval modeling and volumetry Volumetric treatments involve injecting hyaluronic acid into deeper layers of the skin or subcutaneous tissue to restore facial volume, contour the face and lift sagging tissues. They are used in the cheek, jaw, chin and temple areas. Hydrobalance (Skinboosters) Hydrobalance is a technique of injecting non-cross-linked or slightly cross-linked HA to intensively hydrate the skin and improve its texture. The treatment improves elasticity, reduces fine lines and restores radiance to the skin, especially in cases of dryness or aging caused by UV radiation. Treatment of dark circles under the eyes HA in the form of light, cross-linked preparations can be used to fill in hollows around the eyes, reduce dark circles and improve skin hydration and firmness. This treatment requires great precision and experience on the part of the specialist. Biorevitalization with HA A treatment involving the application of hyaluronic acid in combination with other active substances (e.g. amino acids, vitamins). It stimulates skin regeneration, supports the production of collagen and elastin, improves tension and reduces the signs of aging. Hand skin revitalization HA can be used for regenerating and moisturizing treatments of the skin of the hands, which is often exposed to aging and dryness. This treatment improves elasticity, evens out the color and reduces visible veins. Correction of scars and tissue defects Cross-linked HA is also used to fill atrophic scars (e.g. acne scars) or other tissue defects. It evens out the skin surface, improving its appearance. Body treatments HA can be used in treatments to improve skin hydration and elasticity on larger areas of the body, such as the décolleté, arms, or abdomen. HA treatments to improve the condition of the skin around the thighs and buttocks are also becoming increasingly popular. Each of these procedures is characterized by high safety, minimal risk of complications and a relatively short recovery time. The choice of the appropriate procedure depends on the patient's needs, skin condition and expected results. How does hyaluronic acid help in other areas? HA is widely used not only in cosmetology, but also in medicine, pharmacy and other fields. Its versatility results from unique biological properties, such as the ability to bind water, biocompatibility and regenerative effects. In orthopedics, HA is used to treat musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis. Injected directly into joints, it improves the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid, reducing friction and improving mobility, and reduces pain and supports cartilage regeneration processes. In ophthalmology, HA is used to protect and regenerate the surface of the eye. It is used in artificial tears and moisturizing drops. It relieves dry eyes, reduces irritation and supports the regeneration of the corneal epithelium. It is also used as a viscoelastic agent during cataract surgery, vitrectomy and intraocular lens implantation. HA is also used in surgery and wound healing. It accelerates the healing of ulcers, pressure sores and diabetic wounds. In the form of hydrocolloid dressings, it supports the repair processes by retaining moisture at the wound site and stimulating angiogenesis. HA plays an important role in gynecology and urology. In these areas, HA is used to treat vaginal dryness. HA-based preparations moisturize the mucous membranes, relieving discomfort and improving the quality of life of patients. HA also accelerates tissue regeneration and supports healing processes. It is used in the treatment of painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis) by regenerating the bladder mucosa. HA is a very popular ingredient in pharmaceutical dietary supplements. Dietary supplements containing HA support skin hydration, improve joint mobility and support tissue regeneration. Used in ointments and gels, it has a healing effect on minor injuries, abrasions and skin irritations. HA is also used in dentistry and animal medicine. Thanks to its unique properties, HA is used in many fields of medicine, pharmacy and industry, making it one of the most versatile compounds used in modern therapies and care products. Many cosmetic brands offer products containing hyaluronic acid for the care of dry and dehydrated skin. The use of hyaluronic acid preparations for skin care supports its regeneration and protection against water loss. Sources: Laurent, T. C., & Fraser, J. R. E. (1992). Hyaluronan. The FASEB Journal, 6(7), 2397-2404. In this review, the authors discuss the structure, physicochemical properties, and biological functions of hyaluronic acid, including its molecular weight and water-binding capacity. Fraser, J. R. E., Laurent, T. C., & Laurent, U. B. G. (1997). Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution, functions and turnover. Journal of Internal Medicine, 242(1), 27-33. This article provides information on the distribution of hyaluronic acid in different tissues, its concentration, and turnover dynamics, including half-life in different locations. Stern, R. (2003). Devising a pathway for hyaluronan catabolism: are we there yet? Glycobiology, 13(12), 105R-115R. In this article, the author analyzes the mechanisms of hyaluronic acid degradation, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, and the influence of various factors on this process. Petersen, L. J., Hansen, C. B., & Larsen, J. (2014). Hyaluronic acid degradation products affect endothelial cell barrier function in vitro. Microvascular Research, 92, 62-65. This study examines the effect of hyaluronic acid degradation products, formed among others under the influence of UV radiation, on the barrier function of endothelial cells. Campo, G. M., Avenoso, A., Campo, S., Ferlazzo, A. M., Altavilla, D., Calatroni, A., & Squadrito, F. (2004). Hyaluronan reduces inflammation in experimental arthritis by modulating TLR-2 and TLR-4 receptor expression. Inflammation, 28(4), 271-279. This article examines how inflammation affects hyaluronic acid degradation and how HA can modulate the inflammatory response via TLRs.

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February 2, 2025

what is tocopherol?

Tocopherol is a timely ingredient. We often get questions about what it is and how it works on the skin. This post will help you learn and understand the effects of this ingredient, and the important information is that vitamin E plays an important role in our lives. Tocopherols are a group of organic chemical compounds classified as vitamin E, which perform important functions in living organisms. There are four forms: α, β, γ and δ, differing in the number and position of methyl groups on the phenyl ring. Of these, α-tocopherol has the highest biological activity and is the dominant form in the human body. They are fat-soluble and play a key role as antioxidants, protecting cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals. They also help maintain the integrity of cell membranes and influence gene expression and immune system function. Tocopherol deficiency is rare but can lead to neurological symptoms, muscle weakness, and immune system problems. Excessive vitamin E supplementation can interfere with blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding, especially in people with vitamin K deficiency. In the food industry they are used as natural antioxidants, preventing fats from becoming rancid. In cosmetics, they are added to care products because of their antioxidant and moisturizing properties. TOKOFEROL - Essential information The vitamin was discovered in 1922 when its role in animal fertility was noticed. In 1936 its chemical structure was determined, and in 1938 it was successfully synthesized. The name tocopherol means "bringing birth" in Greek, so named because this vitamin was discovered as a substance that aids fertility. Vitamin E deficiency Symptoms of Vitamin E Deficiency This vitamin is a powerful antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress, supports the nervous, immune and circulatory systems. Its deficiency is rare, but can occur. The condition resulting from long-term deficiency is called avitaminosis E. Tocopherol deficiency manifests itself as neurological and muscular abnormalities. We experience numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness. Symptoms of deficiency often include cramps, loss of muscle mass, and blurred vision. Do deficiency symptoms affect the skin? Long-term vitamin E deficiency causes skin and hair problems. The skin becomes dry, rough and prone to irritation. Symptoms of deficiency also include brittleness and hair loss. A small amount of this vitamin in the body may also mean problems with getting pregnant because tocopherol deficiency affects the quality of egg and sperm cells. Who is at risk of tocopherol deficiency? We already know that vitamin E plays an important role and is essential in our body. Vitamin E deficiency has been observed in people suffering from fat malabsorption syndrome and in people with liver and biliary tract diseases. Indications for the use of tocopherol include people on a diet low in fat and antioxidants as well as the elderly and premature babies. Vitamin E Overdose Overdose (hypervitaminosis E) may lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Vitamin E has an antagonistic effect to vitamin K. Excess vitamin leads to heart problems (high doses can increase the risk of stroke), gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, nausea) and muscle weakness. Remember that doses above 1000 mg/day can be toxic! Natural forms of vitamin E What is the natural source of this vitamin? In food, it occurs in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and selected vegetables and fruits. This vitamin can also be found in avocados. However, the absorption of vitamin E requires the presence of lipids in the diet. The recommended daily intake of vitamin E varies by age and gender. For example, for adult men it is about 10-15 mg of α-tocopherol, and for women 8-10 mg. The upper limit of tolerable intake for adults has been set at 300 mg per day. Pregnant women need a dosage of 15 mg. Below is the vitamin content of food ingredients: Nuts and seeds : almonds (25 mg/100 g), hazelnuts (15 mg/100 g), sunflower seeds (35 mg/100 g). Vegetable oils : sunflower oil (41 mg/100 g), olive oil (14 mg/100 g), wheat germ oil (149 mg/100 g). Green leafy vegetables : spinach (2 mg/100 g), broccoli (1.5 mg/100 g). Fruits and vegetables : avocado (2.1 mg/100 g), kiwi (1.5 mg/100 g). Fish : salmon, mackerel, sardines (about 2 mg/100 g). A diet high in fat improves the absorption of vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation We already know that vitamin is an essential component of the diet with antioxidant properties, supporting the functioning of the nervous, immune and circulatory systems. But what if the vitamin content in the diet is too low? We reach for a vitamin supplement to replenish the deficiency. Vitamin supplementation should be individually selected depending on health, vitamin E levels in the body and lifestyle. We can buy dietary supplements without a prescription, but sometimes a visit to a doctor is necessary. The doctor determines the indications for the use of tocopherol after testing the level of the vitamin in the blood serum. In more severe diseases when high doses are necessary (over 100 mg/day), the dosage of tocopherol should be under the supervision of a doctor. TOCOPHEROL - Properties in cosmetics Tocopherol is the most commonly used form of vitamin E in cosmetics. It is a strong antioxidant that protects the skin from free radicals, i.e. premature aging. Due to its properties, it is used in skin, hair and nail care products. There are different forms of this vitamin, but natural Tocopherol is the form that is best absorbed through the skin. The action of vitamin E is to support protection against UV radiation - it reduces the harmful effects of exposure to the sun. The use of tocopherol causes skin cells to regenerate, the skin's lipid barrier is strengthened, and the skin is moisturized. Vitamin E has a soothing effect on irritation and inflammation. It supports wound healing and reduces redness. It has a significant impact on skin cells - it stimulates the synthesis of collagen and elastin, which makes the skin look younger. Vitamin E used in hair cosmetics has a strengthening effect. It prevents breakage and adds shine. The use of tocopherol in cosmetics is wide. In creams it moisturizes, reduces wrinkles and protects against photoaging. In serums and oils , vitamin E has a regenerating effect and strengthens the protective barrier. Body lotions and body oils with this ingredient improve skin elasticity, and in hand creams it supports the regeneration of dry, chapped skin. The optimal concentration in cosmetics is 0.5-5%. Above 5% tocopherol may irritate people with sensitive skin. Tocopherol is an important active ingredient in cosmetics – it is worth looking for it in the composition of skin and hair care products! Scientific sources: Evans, H. M., & Bishop, K. S. (1922). "On the existence of a hitherto unrecognized dietary factor essential for reproduction." Science , 56(1458), 650-651. Sure, B. (1924). "The vitamin E content of various foods." Journal of Biological Chemistry , 59, 693-704. Karrer, P. (1936). "Isolation of vitamin E and determination of its structure." Helvetica Chimica Acta , 19, 856-865.

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