Discover the secrets of hyaluronic acid and use them!

What secrets does hyaluronic acid hide?

Is hyaluronic acid worth using on your face? Learn the secrets of this ingredient. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide with a molecular weight ranging from 10 kDa to over 10 MDa, depending on the tissue and application. In synovial fluid, the molecular weight is usually 4–5 MDa, while cosmetics use low-, medium-, and high-molecular-weight forms: <100 kDa, 100–1,000 kDa, and >1,000 kDa, respectively.

One HA molecule can bind water in an amount from 1,000 to 4,000 times its own weight, which means that 1 gram of HA can bind up to 6 liters of water. Such a high water-binding capacity is responsible for tissue hydration and elasticity.

The concentration of HA in various tissues is: 0.5 mg/g wet tissue in the skin, mainly in the papillary dermis, and 1 to 4 mg/ml in synovial fluid, where it is responsible for viscoelastic properties.

The half-life of HA varies depending on the location: in the skin it is 1–2 days, in synovial fluid about 1 week, and in the vitreous humor of the eye – several weeks. These data show that HA is rapidly metabolized and plays a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis.

The metabolism of hyaluronic acid is dynamic. It includes the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, degradation and elimination from the body. It is worth mentioning the degradation of hyaluronic acid. This is a process in which hyaluronic acid molecules disintegrate into smaller fragments, losing their biological properties, such as the ability to bind water or support tissue regeneration. Degradation can occur naturally in the body or be induced by external factors.

Since the half-life of HA in the skin is 24 to 48 hours, this means that it is regularly broken down and replaced by newly synthesized molecules.

Degradation can also be the result of external factors. For example, UV radiation causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage HA molecules. Degradation can be the result of inflammation. The production of free radicals as a result of inflammatory processes accelerates this degradation.

HA can also be degraded by changes in pH, the presence of heavy metals or other chemical factors that disrupt the stability of bonds in the polysaccharide chain. In cosmetic products, improper storage, e.g. at high temperatures, can lead to HA hydrolysis, reducing the effectiveness of the preparation.

Practical significance of HA degradation

In the body : The rapid metabolism of HA makes it necessary to constantly renew it, which highlights the importance of HA supplementation in cosmetics and aesthetic medicine.

In aesthetic treatments : Cross-linked HA-based fillers are more resistant to enzymatic degradation, which extends their duration of action (6-18 months). However, their final decomposition in the body occurs naturally.

In skin care : Cosmetics with HA can counteract the effects of its degradation in the skin caused by aging or UV radiation.

HA degradation is therefore a natural process that requires support through appropriate care, supplementation or regenerative treatments.

Hyaluronic acid for the face - varieties

Hyaluronic acid for skin care comes in several forms that differ in molecular weight, which affects its biological properties and applications. The basic division includes low molecular weight (LMW), medium molecular weight (MMW), and high molecular weight (HMW).

Low molecular weight HA, with a molecular weight below 100 kDa, is characterized by the ability to penetrate deeper into the skin, which makes it particularly useful in the regeneration and moisturization of the deeper layers of the epidermis and in the stimulation of collagen synthesis.

Medium molecular weight HA, ranging from 100 to 1,000 kDa, provides a balance between deep hydration and the creation of a protective barrier on the skin surface.

In turn, high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, with a molecular weight exceeding 1,000 kDa, acts mainly on the skin surface, creating a protective film that reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and improves skin elasticity.

Acetylated sodium hyaluronate. This is a modified form of sodium hyaluronate, which has been enriched with acetyl groups, providing better moisturizing, protective and regenerative properties compared to classic sodium hyaluronate (Sodium Hyaluronate).

HA degradation is a process in which hyaluronic acid (HA) molecules break down into smaller fragments, losing their biological properties, such as the ability to bind water or support tissue regeneration. Degradation can occur naturally in the body or be induced by external factors.

In the body, HA is naturally broken down by enzymes called hyaluronidases. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the HA chain, leading to the formation of shorter oligomers that are less effective at binding water.

This process occurs as part of normal metabolic processes in tissues such as skin, joints, and the extracellular matrix. In the skin, HA has a half-life of 24 to 48 hours, meaning that it is regularly broken down and replaced by newly synthesized molecules.

Degradation can also be the result of external factors such as UV radiation or inflammation. Exposure of the skin to intense UV radiation leads to accelerated breakdown of HA in the dermis, which results in loss of elasticity and accelerated skin aging. Therefore, Hyaluronic acid for skin care should be used constantly.

HA can also be degraded by changes in pH, the presence of heavy metals or other chemical factors that disrupt the stability of bonds in the polysaccharide chain. In cosmetic products, improper storage, e.g. at high temperatures, can lead to HA hydrolysis, reducing the effectiveness of the preparation.

Hyaluronic acid in cosmetics

We are increasingly paying attention to active ingredients in cosmetics. Manufacturers most often use a mixture of low-molecular and high-molecular HA, which allows for comprehensive action in different layers of the skin. High-molecular HA is particularly popular due to its immediate moisturizing properties and ability to improve skin texture and appearance.

In addition, its protective and anti-inflammatory effects make it a key ingredient in many moisturizing, anti-aging and regenerating preparations. Thanks to its diverse properties, HA in various forms has found wide application in aesthetic medicine and dermocosmetics, making it one of the most popular and versatile active ingredients.

The effect of hyaluronic acid on the skin

HA plays a key role in maintaining skin homeostasis, fulfilling both structural and biological functions. As a linear polysaccharide belonging to glycosaminoglycans, it occurs naturally in the extracellular matrix of the dermis, where it constitutes about 50% of the total amount of HA in the body. Its exceptional ability to bind water, up to 1000-4000 times more than its own weight, makes it an essential ingredient responsible for maintaining the proper level of skin hydration.

In the skin layers, hyaluronic acid works on multiple levels. In the stratum corneum of the epidermis, it creates a protective film that prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL), protecting the skin from drying out and the negative impact of external factors such as pollution or UV radiation. In the deeper layers of the dermis, it stimulates fibroblast activity, supporting the synthesis of collagen and elastin, which translates into improved skin elasticity and firmness. Additionally, HA acts as a mediator of regenerative processes, supporting wound healing and reducing inflammation by modulating the activity of cytokines and growth factors.

The effect of hyaluronic acid depends on its molecular weight. High molecular weight HA (HMW, >1,000 kDa) acts mainly on the skin surface, creating a protective barrier and preventing water loss, while low molecular weight HA (LMW, <100 kDa) penetrates deeper layers of the skin, where it affects cell proliferation and the induction of HA production by fibroblasts. Medium molecular weight HA (MMW, 100–1,000 kDa) provides a balance between surface action and deeper regenerative processes.

In addition, HA has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accelerate skin aging processes, and reduces the activation of pro-inflammatory factors, which helps maintain a healthy skin microenvironment. This makes HA an effective ingredient in the treatment of sensitive, atopic and inflammatory skin, such as acne or eczema.

In summary, the effects of hyaluronic acid on the skin include comprehensive improvement of its hydration, elasticity and regenerative abilities. Its wide application in cosmetology and dermatology results from its extraordinary biological properties, which are responsible for both the protection of the epidermal barrier and deep stimulation of repair processes. Thanks to its multidirectional effects, HA is one of the most effective and universal ingredients in skin care.

Applying hyaluronic acid to the face - what effects can you expect?

HA is one of the most effective ingredients used in facial skin care, both in cosmetics and professional aesthetic medicine treatments. Its effects result from its moisturizing, regenerative and stimulating properties.

The effects of regular use of hyaluronic acid on the face are visible both in everyday care and after professional cosmetic or aesthetic medicine treatments. Regular use of HA products improves skin hydration, elasticity and appearance, reduces signs of aging and protects the skin from external factors. Thanks to its multidirectional properties, hyaluronic acid for skin care is one of the most versatile and effective care ingredients.

• Intensive skin hydration

Hyaluronic acid effectively binds water in the epidermis and dermis, providing deep hydration. As a result, the skin becomes smoother, softer and radiant. The moisturizing effect is visible after a short-term use of products containing HA, making it an ideal ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin.

I recommend the product Serum Ampoule MOISTURIZATION . The hyaluronic acid contained in it perfectly moisturizes the skin. The absorption of hyaluronic acid is both deep and epidermal. There are two types in the Ampoule - low molecular weight and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. There is an immediate and long-term improvement in the appearance of the skin.

Also try the natural cream with snail slime and hyaluronic acid . The cream intensively moisturizes the skin of the face and also reduces scars and discolorations.

• Improving skin elasticity and firmness

Regular use of hyaluronic acid improves skin elasticity, because HA supports regenerative processes and stimulates fibroblasts to produce collagen and elastin. The skin regains its firmness and looks younger.

To improve skin firmness, it is worth choosing Brahmi Hialuron serum . Thanks to the serum, the skin becomes firmer, beautifully tightened and the effects are visible quickly.

At night, it is worth using Reishi Cream, which contains HA and an extract of the adaptogen - reishi mushroom.

• Wrinkle reduction and skin smoothing

Hyaluronic acid acts as a natural filler that reduces fine wrinkles and expression lines, especially those resulting from dry skin. In the case of more advanced wrinkles, cross-linked hyaluronic acid used in filling treatments (e.g. nasolabial folds) gives immediate results in the form of their smoothing.

Here, snail slime cream and Reishi night cream will also work well.

• Improves skin texture and color

Thanks to its ability to retain moisture and support regenerative processes, HA helps even out the skin's texture. The skin becomes smoother and its color improves. Additionally, HA supports the healing processes of minor skin damage, reducing the visibility of scars and discolorations.

A great product for improving skin texture, containing HA acid is Serum with RETINOL H10 0.5%. Regular use gives great results.

• Protective effect

On the skin surface, HA creates a protective layer that prevents water loss (reduction of transepidermal water loss, TEWL) and protects against external factors such as environmental pollution or UV radiation.

• Skin renewal and regeneration

HA supports skin regeneration processes, accelerating the healing of minor damage and improving microcirculation. This makes the skin look healthier and more resistant to environmental stressors.

Choose Reishi Purple Rice Regenerating Booster . Adaptogenic ingredients supported by Ha acid provide visible regenerative effects.

• Improving the appearance of the lips and eye area

When treating lips with hyaluronic acid, their volume and hydration increase, giving them a fuller look. In the eye area, it reduces dark circles, improves skin firmness and fills wrinkles.

We recommend eye cream with snail slime.

• Soothing and anti-inflammatory effect

HA helps reduce redness and irritation, making it a good choice for those with sensitive or problematic skin. Its anti-inflammatory properties support the treatment of acne and other inflammatory skin conditions.

Hyaluronic acid in aesthetic medicine

Cosmetic treatments using HA are very popular due to the quickly visible effects of the hyaluronic acid treatment. Injecting hyaluronic acid is no longer surprising to anyone today. The price of the hyaluronic acid treatment is high and does not always fit into our budget. For example, wrinkle removal with hyaluronic acid costs around PLN 1,800.

Mesotherapy involves the intradermal administration of preparations containing non-cross-linked or slightly cross-linked HA by microinjection. The treatment intensively moisturizes, improves skin elasticity, reduces fine wrinkles and supports regeneration. Mesotherapy is used on the face, neck, décolleté, hands and other areas requiring revitalization.

Filling wrinkles and creases

This is one of the most popular aesthetic treatments, consisting of injecting cross-linked HA to fill static wrinkles (e.g. nasolabial folds, "marionette lines"). As a result, the skin gains smoothness and a younger appearance. The effects usually last from 6 to 18 months, depending on the type of preparation and the individual characteristics of the patient. The price of a hyaluronic acid treatment for a lion's wrinkle ranges from PLN 1,300 to PLN 1,600.

Lip modeling and augmentation

Treatment using cross-linked HA allows for increasing the volume of the lips, improving their contour and moisturizing. HA is also used to correct lip asymmetry and restore volume to lips that lose firmness with age.

Face oval modeling and volumetry

Volumetric treatments involve injecting hyaluronic acid into deeper layers of the skin or subcutaneous tissue to restore facial volume, contour the face and lift sagging tissues. They are used in the cheek, jaw, chin and temple areas.

Hydrobalance (Skinboosters)

Hydrobalance is a technique of injecting non-cross-linked or slightly cross-linked HA to intensively hydrate the skin and improve its texture. The treatment improves elasticity, reduces fine lines and restores radiance to the skin, especially in cases of dryness or aging caused by UV radiation.

Treatment of dark circles under the eyes

HA in the form of light, cross-linked preparations can be used to fill in hollows around the eyes, reduce dark circles and improve skin hydration and firmness. This treatment requires great precision and experience on the part of the specialist.

Biorevitalization with HA

A treatment involving the application of hyaluronic acid in combination with other active substances (e.g. amino acids, vitamins). It stimulates skin regeneration, supports the production of collagen and elastin, improves tension and reduces the signs of aging.

Hand skin revitalization

HA can be used for regenerating and moisturizing treatments of the skin of the hands, which is often exposed to aging and dryness. This treatment improves elasticity, evens out the color and reduces visible veins.

Correction of scars and tissue defects

Cross-linked HA is also used to fill atrophic scars (e.g. acne scars) or other tissue defects. It evens out the skin surface, improving its appearance.

Body treatments

HA can be used in treatments to improve skin hydration and elasticity on larger areas of the body, such as the décolleté, arms, or abdomen. HA treatments to improve the condition of the skin around the thighs and buttocks are also becoming increasingly popular.

Each of these procedures is characterized by high safety, minimal risk of complications and a relatively short recovery time. The choice of the appropriate procedure depends on the patient's needs, skin condition and expected results.

How does hyaluronic acid help in other areas?

HA is widely used not only in cosmetology, but also in medicine, pharmacy and other fields. Its versatility results from unique biological properties, such as the ability to bind water, biocompatibility and regenerative effects.

In orthopedics, HA is used to treat musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis. Injected directly into joints, it improves the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid, reducing friction and improving mobility, and reduces pain and supports cartilage regeneration processes.

In ophthalmology, HA is used to protect and regenerate the surface of the eye. It is used in artificial tears and moisturizing drops. It relieves dry eyes, reduces irritation and supports the regeneration of the corneal epithelium. It is also used as a viscoelastic agent during cataract surgery, vitrectomy and intraocular lens implantation.

HA is also used in surgery and wound healing. It accelerates the healing of ulcers, pressure sores and diabetic wounds. In the form of hydrocolloid dressings, it supports the repair processes by retaining moisture at the wound site and stimulating angiogenesis.

HA plays an important role in gynecology and urology. In these areas, HA is used to treat vaginal dryness. HA-based preparations moisturize the mucous membranes, relieving discomfort and improving the quality of life of patients. HA also accelerates tissue regeneration and supports healing processes.

It is used in the treatment of painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis) by regenerating the bladder mucosa.

HA is a very popular ingredient in pharmaceutical dietary supplements. Dietary supplements containing HA support skin hydration, improve joint mobility and support tissue regeneration. Used in ointments and gels, it has a healing effect on minor injuries, abrasions and skin irritations.

HA is also used in dentistry and animal medicine.

Thanks to its unique properties, HA is used in many fields of medicine, pharmacy and industry, making it one of the most versatile compounds used in modern therapies and care products.

Many cosmetic brands offer products containing hyaluronic acid for the care of dry and dehydrated skin.

The use of hyaluronic acid preparations for skin care supports its regeneration and protection against water loss.

Sources:

Laurent, T. C., & Fraser, J. R. E. (1992). Hyaluronan. The FASEB Journal, 6(7), 2397-2404.
In this review, the authors discuss the structure, physicochemical properties, and biological functions of hyaluronic acid, including its molecular weight and water-binding capacity.

Fraser, J. R. E., Laurent, T. C., & Laurent, U. B. G. (1997). Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution, functions and turnover. Journal of Internal Medicine, 242(1), 27-33.
This article provides information on the distribution of hyaluronic acid in different tissues, its concentration, and turnover dynamics, including half-life in different locations.

Stern, R. (2003). Devising a pathway for hyaluronan catabolism: are we there yet? Glycobiology, 13(12), 105R-115R.
In this article, the author analyzes the mechanisms of hyaluronic acid degradation, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, and the influence of various factors on this process.

Petersen, L. J., Hansen, C. B., & Larsen, J. (2014). Hyaluronic acid degradation products affect endothelial cell barrier function in vitro. Microvascular Research, 92, 62-65.
This study examines the effect of hyaluronic acid degradation products, formed among others under the influence of UV radiation, on the barrier function of endothelial cells.

Campo, G. M., Avenoso, A., Campo, S., Ferlazzo, A. M., Altavilla, D., Calatroni, A., & Squadrito, F. (2004). Hyaluronan reduces inflammation in experimental arthritis by modulating TLR-2 and TLR-4 receptor expression. Inflammation, 28(4), 271-279.
This article examines how inflammation affects hyaluronic acid degradation and how HA can modulate the inflammatory response via TLRs.