Sun spots are changes in skin color that occur as a result of excessive exposure to sunlight. They are characterized by uneven accumulation of pigment - melanin - leading to the formation of darker spots on the skin's surface. They are most often located on the face, neckline, arms and hands - where the skin is most exposed to the sun. Although they are not dangerous to health, they can be difficult to remove and often constitute an aesthetic problem. We will explain how sun spots on the face are created and how to remove them with cosmetics.
How do sun spots on the face occur?
Facial discoloration from the sun is most often the result of prolonged and intense exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which stimulates melanocytes – cells that produce melanin – to overproduce pigment. In response to UV damage, the skin tries to defend itself by increasing the amount of melanin in a given area. If this process is uneven, darker spots and discoloration appear on the skin.
The role of melanin and the impact of UV radiation
Melanin is a natural skin pigment that has a protective function – it absorbs and neutralizes the harmful effects of UV rays. Due to its excessive or uneven production, discoloration of the face from the sun can occur. UVA radiation penetrates deeper layers of the skin and is responsible for long-term cellular damage, while UVB causes sunburn – both types of UV contribute to pigmentation disorders. Importantly, discoloration can become permanent if the skin is not properly protected with an SPF filter.
Types of discoloration: melasma, freckles, lentigines
There are several types of sun spots on the face. Melasma is a symmetrical, extensive spot that most often appears on the forehead, cheeks and above the upper lip – it is also often associated with hormonal disorders and pregnancy. Freckles (ephelides) are small, genetically determined spots that darken in the sun, but often fade in winter. Lentigo solaris, on the other hand, are larger and permanent – they do not disappear in winter, and their number increases with age and intensity of sun exposure.
Who is most at risk of sun damage to their face?
UV radiation is one of the main factors causing uneven distribution of melanin, the skin pigment. However, not everyone reacts to the sun in the same way. There are a number of factors that increase the risk of discoloration. Who is most at risk?
Skin phototype and the risk of pigmentation
One of the key factors determining susceptibility to sun discoloration on the face is skin phototype , or the skin's natural reaction to the sun. The Fitzpatrick classification distinguishes 6 phototypes - from very light, porcelain skin (type I) to very dark (type VI).
- Phototypes I–III (fair skin, often with freckles, blond or red hair) are more susceptible to sunburn and therefore to inflammation leading to discoloration.
- Phototypes IV–VI have more melanin, which gives them natural protection against UV radiation, but at the same time increases the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and melasma (dark spots of irregular shape).
The influence of hormones, inflammation and cosmetics used
Hormones play a significant role in regulating melanin production. For this reason, women:
- pregnant ,
- using hormonal contraception ,
- going through menopause or taking HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
are more susceptible to so-called melasma , or chloasma – symmetrical pigmentation spots on the face.
Additionally:
- Inflammatory skin conditions (e.g. acne, abrasions, allergies) can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
- Phototoxic cosmetics – containing e.g. citrus oils, retinol, AHA/BHA acids, some perfumes – may increase the skin’s sensitivity to UV radiation and intensify pigmentation.
Increased risk during summer and pregnancy
In summer, the risk of discoloration increases dramatically because:
- the intensity of UVB and UVA radiation is the highest,
- we spend more time outdoors, often without adequate SPF protection,
- sweating increases, which may weaken the skin's protective barrier,
- mechanical irritations (e.g. from sand, towels, sweat) are more likely to occur, which may cause changes in people with a tendency to pigmentation.
Pregnancy is a particularly sensitive time – under the influence of hormones, melanocyte activity increases, which is why many women observe the formation of spots on their face already in the first trimester. That is why daily sun protection , avoiding phototoxic ingredients in summer care and a conscious approach to sun exposure are so important.
How to prevent sun discoloration
sun discoloration is one of the most common aesthetic problems, especially in the summer. UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to overproduce melanin, which leads to the formation of pigment spots of varying intensity. Although some discolorations are difficult to remove, they can be effectively prevented by introducing appropriate care and sun protection.
Daily use of creams with high SPF
Facial discoloration from the sun is reduced by prevention, i.e. regular use of creams with a high sun protection factor, preferably SPF 50+. A cream with a filter should be used every day - also on cloudy days and in the winter months - because UVA radiation, responsible for skin ageing and discoloration, penetrates through clouds and windows. Remember to use the right amount of the product and reapply it every few hours, especially after contact with water or heavy sweating. Well-protected skin has a lower risk of overproducing melanin and maintains a uniform color for longer.
Boosting SPF with Vitamin C Serum
Although sunscreens provide a protective shield, their effectiveness can be increased by reaching for a serum with vitamin C. This powerful antioxidant not only protects skin cells from free radicals generated by UV radiation, but also enhances the effect of UV filters. Vitamin C brightens discolorations, evens out skin tone and prevents new pigmentation changes. It is best to use it in the morning - on cleansed skin - as the first step in care before applying a cream with a filter.
Avoiding sun exposure during peak hours
Another key element of preventing discoloration is avoiding direct exposure to the sun during its peak hours, i.e. between 10:00 and 16:00. During this time, UVB radiation is at its highest, which significantly increases the risk of skin damage and excessive pigmentation. If spending time outdoors is unavoidable, it is worth seeking shade, moving on the shady sides of the streets and using umbrellas or shelters.
Use of physical protection – hats, glasses, clothing
In the prevention of discoloration, mechanical protection cannot be forgotten. Wearing wide hats effectively protects the face, neck and décolleté - areas particularly susceptible to photodamage. Sunglasses with a UV filter protect the delicate skin around the eyes and prevent its discoloration and premature aging. It is also worth choosing light, airy clothing with long sleeves, made of materials with a high UPF protection factor, especially during long walks or relaxing on the beach.
Antioxidant care
Antioxidants are an invaluable support in protecting the skin from the effects of UV radiation. Substances such as vitamin C, vitamin E, niacinamide, coenzyme Q10, ferulic acid or green tea extract neutralize free radicals, protect skin cells and prevent DNA damage. Regular use of cosmetics with antioxidants - especially in the morning, under SPF - can significantly reduce the risk of discoloration and delay the skin aging process.
Effective prevention of sun discoloration is based on a comprehensive approach: high sun protection, antioxidant support, avoiding excessive sun exposure and a physical protective barrier. Daily use of SPF 50+, strengthening protection with a vitamin C serum and consciously avoiding risky hours are simple but effective steps that will help the skin maintain a healthy, even color and natural glow all year round.
Effective ways to treat sun spots on your face
Facial discoloration caused by UV radiation is a common aesthetic problem. It manifests itself as irregular pigmentation spots – often on the forehead, cheeks or upper lip – and can be difficult to remove. The key to their reduction is properly selected active ingredients with proven depigmenting effects . Below I present effective substances that will help brighten the skin and even out its color.
Vitamin C - brightening and antioxidant in one
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid or its stable derivatives) is one of the most studied ingredients in the fight against discoloration. It works on several levels:
- inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which is responsible for the production of melanin,
- brightens existing pigment spots,
- protects the skin against oxidative stress, which intensifies pigmentation,
- supports collagen synthesis and improves overall skin tone.
The best results are achieved by using vitamin C in the morning – under an SPF cream – which also enhances sun protection.
Tranexamic acid – an innovative way to treat melasma
Tranexamic acid is a relatively new but increasingly popular ingredient in the treatment of discoloration, especially hormonal ones such as melasma. It has anti-inflammatory effects and blocks inflammatory mechanisms that lead to overproduction of melanin.
- Reduces the visibility of existing discolorations.
- Also effective for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
- Gentle and well tolerated – suitable for sensitive skin.
It often comes in light serums and ampoules that can be introduced into both your morning and evening skincare routine.
Niacinamide – pigmentation regulator and skin barrier support
Niacinamide, or vitamin B3, is a versatile ingredient with a powerful brightening effect. Reduces sun discoloration on the face by:
- inhibition of melanin transfer to epidermal cells,
- supporting the regeneration of the skin's hydrolipid barrier,
- reducing inflammation and redness,
- antioxidant effect.
It can be used with vitamin C or tranexamic acid – then it works synergistically. It works well for skin with uneven tone, gray, tired, as well as oily and acne.
Kojic acid - a natural tyrosinase inhibitor
Kojic acid is a substance of natural origin, obtained, among others, in the process of rice fermentation. It effectively inhibits the activity of tyrosinase, thus reducing the production of melanin.
- Lightens pigmentation spots and melasma.
- Improves the uniformity of skin tone.
- Helps fight the signs of photoaging.
Although kojic acid has long been recognized as an effective depigmenting ingredient, its use in cosmetics in the European Union has been strictly regulated due to safety concerns. Concerns have included potential irritation and hormonal disruption with long-term exposure.
According to the opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) , kojic acid can only be used in a maximum concentration of 1% in skin care products. Higher concentrations, previously popular in Asian or salon cosmetics, are currently not allowed for sale in over-the-counter products in the EU.
In practice, this means that while kojic acid can still be used as an ingredient in brightening cosmetics, its effects are milder and require longer, regular applications to achieve visible results. Manufacturers often combine it with other active ingredients—such as niacinamide , vitamin C , or plant extracts —to enhance its effectiveness without increasing the risk of irritation.
Plant extracts – gentle but effective
Many natural plant extracts have depigmenting and brightening effects while being gentle on the skin. They are a great choice for those with sensitive skin or those looking for an alternative to harsh chemicals.
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is one of the most studied extracts with depigmenting effects. It reduces melanin production, has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and additionally supports skin healing.
Arbutin , obtained from bearberry, is a natural inhibitor of tyrosinase – a key enzyme in the melanogenesis process. It effectively reduces sun discoloration on the face, but without irritating it, which is why it works great in cosmetics for sensitive skin.
Extracts of white mulberry, saffron, aloe and ginseng have brightening, moisturizing and regenerating properties. They support the reconstruction of the epidermis, reduce irritation and strengthen the skin's natural protective barrier.
Papaya enzymes (papain) are another natural ingredient that supports the fight against discoloration. They demonstrate enzymatic exfoliation of dead skin cells , which allows for faster removal of superficial discoloration and smoothing of the skin structure. Thanks to its gentle but effective action, papain improves the absorption of active ingredients and promotes cell renewal.
The combination of these plant ingredients allows for effective and safe skin lightening, especially in the case of post-inflammatory, hormonal and sun-induced discoloration.
Serum-ampoule Brightening Orientana - natural help in the fight against discoloration
Facial discolorations, especially those caused by the sun and hormones, require effective but gentle care. Serum-ampoule Brightening by Orientana is a proposal based on natural active ingredients with proven depigmenting effects. The product combines the power of modern biotechnology with traditional plant knowledge, creating effective support in brightening the skin and evening out its color.
Why choose this serum?
The serum formula was developed for skin with visible discolorations, sun spots, uneven skin tone or traces of inflammation. The product works on multiple levels - it brightens, protects and supports skin regeneration.
High concentration of vitamin C is one of the main advantages of the serum. This strong antioxidant effectively inhibits melanin production, lightens existing discolorations and restores radiance to the complexion. Additionally, vitamin C protects skin cells from oxidative stress, strengthens blood vessels and supports collagen synthesis.
Tranexamic acid is a modern depigmenting ingredient, valued for its high effectiveness and good skin tolerance. It blocks inflammation leading to overproduction of melanin and reduces even persistent discolorations, such as melasma or PIH (post-inflammatory discoloration). Thanks to its presence, the serum works not only brightening, but also preventively - it prevents the formation of new changes.
The serum formula is natural and free from unnecessary additives , such as artificial fragrances, silicones or parabens. This makes the product also suitable for the care of sensitive skin, prone to irritation and allergies.
Another big plus is the light, water-gel consistency , which absorbs quickly, leaves no greasy film and does not roll under SPF or makeup. This makes the serum an ideal complement to both morning and evening skincare routines.
How to use serum?
Morning : Apply a few drops of serum to cleansed and toned skin, gently tapping them in with your fingertips. Once absorbed, apply a cream with SPF 50+. Vitamin C combined with sun protection works synergistically, strengthening the skin's antioxidant barrier and protecting it from the formation of new discolorations.
In the evening : The serum can also be used as part of a regenerating care routine. After removing make-up and cleansing the skin, massage the serum into the face and then apply a moisturising or regenerating cream. Regular use – morning and evening – allows you to achieve the best results in brightening and smoothing the skin tone.
Serum-ampoule Antioxidation Orientana - natural support in the fight against discoloration
Serum-ampoule Antioxidation Ashwagandha CICA Niacinamide from Orientana is a product created for skin exposed to external factors, such as UV radiation or environmental pollution. Thanks to carefully selected active ingredients, the serum supports the skin's natural defense mechanisms, soothes irritations and restores its balance. It will perfectly complement brightening care. We also recommend it to people with sensitive skin.
Why choose this serum
The serum has a strong antioxidant and soothing effect , combining the adaptogenic properties of ashwagandha, the soothing effects of centella asiatica (CICA) and the multifunctional benefits of niacinamide. Ashwagandha helps the skin cope with oxidative stress, CICA supports regeneration and soothes irritation, and niacinamide reduces imperfections and regulates sebum production. orientana.pl
The natural composition and light formula are an additional advantage. The serum does not clog pores and contains 94% ingredients of natural origin. Its water-gel consistency means that it absorbs quickly, leaving no greasy film, making it ideal under makeup and sunscreen.
How to use serum?
Morning: Apply a few drops of serum to cleansed skin, gently tapping with your fingertips. Once absorbed, apply an SPF cream to protect your skin from UV radiation.
In the evening: After removing make-up and cleansing the skin, apply the serum as part of a regenerating care. You can use it alone or under a moisturizer, depending on the needs of your skin.
The Brightening Orientana Serum-Ampoule is an effective and natural answer to skin discoloration on the face. Thanks to the combination of vitamin C and tranexamic acid, it works comprehensively - it brightens, protects and regenerates. The light formula and clean composition make it a universal and safe product - ideal for use all year round, also under SPF filter and makeup. We recommend using it alternately with the Antioxidation Ashwagandha CICA Niacinamide Serum-Ampoule , which supports the skin in the daily fight against stress factors, restoring its healthy appearance and radiance.
How long does it take to see results? Facial discoloration from the sun requires patience – the lightening process takes time.
