Itchy skin after sunbathing can ruin even the most enjoyable day in the sun. Tight, burning, or rough skin is a sign that your skin needs help. Why does this happen, and how can you naturally alleviate these symptoms? As experts in skincare inspired by Ayurveda and Asian traditions , we offer tips on how to restore skin's balance and comfort.
Itchy skin after sunbathing is not just a superficial irritation but a signal that serious changes have occurred in the physiology of the epidermis. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (especially UVB and UVA) leads to an overload of the skin's defense mechanisms, resulting in a series of biochemical and structural reactions that we experience as itching, burning, roughness, or hypersensitivity.
Why does my skin itch after sunbathing?
Damage to the hydrolipid layer and dehydration of the skin
UV radiation leads to the breakdown of lipids in the stratum corneum (including ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids), which form the skin's natural protective barrier. Loss of this layer:
- Increases transepidermal water loss (TEWL) – the amount of water that evaporates from the epidermis into the environment.
- It leads to micro-cracks and a feeling of tension, tightness and roughness .
Studies have shown that exposure to UVB radiation can increase TEWL by as much as 60–100% within a few hours of sun exposure (Yamamoto et al., Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1999).
Inflammation of the skin (even without burns)
Even short exposure to the sun induces pro-inflammatory cytokines , such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, as well as an increase in the activity of the COX-2 enzyme, responsible for the production of prostaglandins.
- This results in subclinical inflammation – invisible to the naked eye but felt as a burning or itching sensation.
- UVB activates Langerhans cells and mast cells, which release histamine – one of the main mediators of itching.
According to a study published in “Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine” (2006), UV radiation leads to an increase in mast cell degranulation after just 30 minutes of sun exposure.
Disturbance of pH balance and skin microbiome
Healthy skin maintains a slightly acidic pH (approx. 4.5–5.5), which provides a natural barrier against pathogens and supports a balanced microbiome.
- Sun exposure increases the skin's pH, which leads to microflora imbalances (e.g. the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus ).
- Microbiome disruptions can increase inflammation and cause additional immune reactions – including itching and burning.
A 2020 study (Krutmann et al., “The skin microbiome and UV exposure”, Experimental Dermatology) showed that long-term UV exposure changes the composition of the skin microbiome and weakens its protective functions.
Keratinocyte damage and release of pruritus mediators
UV radiation damages keratinocytes (epidermal cells), which activates the skin's nervous system.
- The release of neurotransmitters (e.g. substance P, CGRP) and pruritic cytokines such as IL-31 stimulates nerve endings.
- This leads to a feeling of itching and discomfort , especially at night when the skin regenerates and the immune system is more active.
Interleukin 31 has been confirmed as a key mediator of itch in numerous dermatoses, but its level also increases after UV exposure (Cevikbas et al., Nature Neuroscience, 2014).
Natural ways to soothe itchy skin
Ayurveda—the world's oldest medical system—considers the skin a reflection of the body's balance. Itchy skin after sunbathing indicates a disruption in the Pitta dosha energy, associated with fire and heat. An excess of Pitta can lead to inflammation, redness, burning, and even itching as a symptom of overheating . Modern cosmetology confirms these observations, pointing to a number of physiological mechanisms that can be naturally soothed.